महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-16

सपत्नानृध्यतोऽऽत्मानं हीयमानं निशाम्य च ।
अदृश्यामपि कौन्तेये स्थितां पश्यन्निवोद्यताम् ।
तस्मादहं विवर्णश्च दीनश्च हरिणः कृशः ॥१६॥

16. sapatnānṛdhyato''tmānaṁ hīyamānaṁ niśāmya ca ,
adṛśyāmapi kaunteye sthitāṁ paśyannivodyatām ,
tasmādahaṁ vivarṇaśca dīnaśca hariṇaḥ kṛśaḥ.

16. sapātnān ṛdhyataḥ ātmānam hīyamānam
niśāmya ca adṛśyām api kaunteye
sthitām paśyan iva udyatām tasmāt aham
vivarṇaḥ ca dīnaḥ ca hariṇaḥ kṛśaḥ

16. Having observed my enemies prospering and myself (ātman) diminishing, and as if seeing my own unseen and rising indignation residing within Arjuna (Kaunteya), I am therefore pale, miserable, and emaciated like a frightened deer.

Words meanings summery:

• सपात्नान् (sapātnān) - enemies, rivals

• ऋध्यतः (ṛdhyataḥ) - prospering, flourishing

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - myself (self, soul, spirit)

• हीयमानम् (hīyamānam) - diminishing, declining, being lost

• निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having observed, having seen

• च (ca) - and, also

• अदृश्याम् (adṛśyām) - unseen, invisible

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

• कौन्तेये (kaunteye) - in Arjuna (in the son of Kunti, in Arjuna)

• स्थिताम् (sthitām) - residing (situated, abiding, standing)

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, observing

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• उद्यताम् (udyatām) - rising (indignation) (rising, ready to act, prepared)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• विवर्णः (vivarṇaḥ) - pale (pale, discolored, changed in color)

• च (ca) - and, also

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, distressed, sad

• च (ca) - and, also

• हरिणः (hariṇaḥ) - a frightened deer (implied timidity/vulnerability) (deer, antelope)

• कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - emaciated, lean, weak

Words meanings and morphology

सपात्नान् (sapātnān) - enemies, rivals

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sapatna

sapatna - a rival, an enemy

ऋध्यतः (ṛdhyataḥ) - prospering, flourishing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṛdhyat

ṛdhyat - prospering, flourishing, thriving

Present Active Participle

From root ṛdh (to prosper) + śatṛ pratyaya

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'sapātnān' (enemies).

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - myself (self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit; the animating principle of life

हीयमानम् (hīyamānam) - diminishing, declining, being lost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hīyamāna

hīyamāna - diminishing, decaying, being lost

Present Passive Participle

From root hā (to abandon, decline) + śānac pratyaya (passive)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'ātmānam'.

निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having observed, having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root śam (to see, perceive) with upasarga ni + lyap pratyaya

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अदृश्याम् (adṛśyām) - unseen, invisible

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of adṛśya

adṛśya - unseen, invisible, imperceptible

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (secondary derivative)

From root dṛś (to see) + ya pratyaya (passive) + a-prefix (negation)

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied feminine noun for 'indignation' or 'state'.

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

कौन्तेये (kaunteye) - in Arjuna (in the son of Kunti, in Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti; a patronymic for Arjuna, Bhima, or Yudhishthira

Derived from Kunti

स्थिताम् (sthitām) - residing (situated, abiding, standing)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sthita

sthita - situated, standing, abiding, existing

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) + kta pratyaya

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'adṛśyām' and 'udyatām'.

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, observing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing, perceiving

Present Active Participle

From root dṛś (to see) - replaced by paśya in present tense + śatṛ pratyaya

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implicit speaker 'I'.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

उद्यताम् (udyatām) - rising (indignation) (rising, ready to act, prepared)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of udyata

udyata - raised, prepared, ready for, active, endeavoring

Past Passive Participle

From root yam (to restrain, hold) with upasarga ud + kta pratyaya

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'adṛśyām' and 'sthitām'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate cause.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

विवर्णः (vivarṇaḥ) - pale (pale, discolored, changed in color)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivarṇa

vivarṇa - colorless, discolored, pale; of a different caste

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, distressed, sad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, sad, humble

Past Passive Participle (from dī, to languish)

From root dī (to waste away, languish) + kta pratyaya

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हरिणः (hariṇaḥ) - a frightened deer (implied timidity/vulnerability) (deer, antelope)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hariṇa

hariṇa - a deer, antelope; pale yellow, fawn-colored

Note: Used metaphorically to describe the speaker's state.

कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - emaciated, lean, weak

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛśa

kṛśa - thin, emaciated, lean, weak, small

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.