महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-45, verse-6

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
दुर्योधन कुतोमूलं भृशमार्तोऽसि पुत्रक ।
श्रोतव्यश्चेन्मया सोऽर्थो ब्रूहि मे कुरुनन्दन ॥६॥

6. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
duryodhana kutomūlaṁ bhṛśamārto'si putraka ,
śrotavyaścenmayā so'rtho brūhi me kurunandana.

6. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca duryodhana kutaḥ mūlam bhṛśam ārtaḥ asi
putraka śrotavyaḥ cet mayā saḥ arthaḥ brūhi me kurunandana

6. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: 'My dear son (putraka) Duryodhana, what is the origin of your extreme distress? If that matter (artha) is to be heard by me, O delight of the Kurus (kurunandana), then tell me.'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - O Duryodhana

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - indicating origin of distress (from where, whence, why)

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, source

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - exceedingly, greatly, extremely

• आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

• असि (asi) - you are

• पुत्रक (putraka) - Affectionate address to Duryodhana by Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O dear son, little son)

• श्रोतव्यः (śrotavyaḥ) - to be heard, audible

• चेत् (cet) - if

• मया (mayā) - by me

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the matter/cause of distress. (that)

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - The matter (of his distress). (matter, subject, purpose, meaning)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say, speak

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - Addressed to Duryodhana by Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O delight of the Kurus)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name, 'he who upholds the kingdom')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to bear, hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense, Active Voice, Third Person Singular

Irregular perfect form from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - O Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name)

Note: Addressed by Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - indicating origin of distress (from where, whence, why)

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverbial form of kim.

Note: Literally "from where".

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, source

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, basis, origin, source, foundation

Note: Predicate nominative of implied 'is'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - exceedingly, greatly, extremely

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative of bhṛśa.

आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, pained, suffering, hurt

Past Passive Participle

From root ṛ (to go) with upasarga ā (to suffer, be afflicted).

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense, Active Voice, Second Person Singular

From root as.

Root: as (class 2)

पुत्रक (putraka) - Affectionate address to Duryodhana by Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O dear son, little son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - little son, dear son (diminutive/affectionate)

From putra (son) with ka suffix.

श्रोतव्यः (śrotavyaḥ) - to be heard, audible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrotavya

śrotavya - to be heard, proper to be heard, audible

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root śru (to hear) with tavya suffix.

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Forms a passive construction with mayā.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Instrumental singular form.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the matter/cause of distress. (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Nominative masculine singular.

Note: Refers to arthaḥ.

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - The matter (of his distress). (matter, subject, purpose, meaning)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - object, purpose, meaning, wealth, matter

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Mood, Active Voice, Second Person Singular

Irregular imperative form from root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Dative/Genitive singular enclitic form.

कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - Addressed to Duryodhana by Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O delight of the Kurus)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurunandana

kurunandana - delight of the Kurus, son of Kuru

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+nandana)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king, a descendant of whom forms a lineage)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, offspring, delight
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)