महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-4, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
श्रूयतां पार्थ तत्त्वेन विश्वामित्रो यथा पुरा ।
ब्राह्मणत्वं गतस्तात ब्रह्मर्षित्वं तथैव च ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śrūyatāṁ pārtha tattvena viśvāmitro yathā purā ,
brāhmaṇatvaṁ gatastāta brahmarṣitvaṁ tathaiva ca.

1. bhīṣma uvāca | śrūyatām pārtha tattvena viśvāmitraḥ yathā
purā | brāhmaṇatvam gataḥ tāta brahmarṣitvam tathā eva ca

1. bhīṣma uvāca pārtha tāta śrūyatām tattvena yathā purā
viśvāmitraḥ brāhmaṇatvam tathā eva ca brahmarṣitvam gataḥ

1. Bhishma spoke: O Pārtha, listen carefully to the truth of how Viśvāmitra, in ancient times, attained the state of a brahmin (brāhmaṇya), and similarly, the status of a brahmin sage (brahmarṣitva), O dear one.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

• श्रूयताम् (śrūyatām) - let it be heard (imperative command to listen) (let it be heard, listen)

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna) (O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna)

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in its true nature, truly (by truth, truly, in reality, in its true nature)

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra

• यथा (yathā) - how, as (as, just as, according to)

• पुरा (purā) - in ancient times (formerly, in ancient times, before)

• ब्राह्मणत्वम् (brāhmaṇatvam) - the state of a brahmin (brāhmaṇya) (brahminhood, state of being a Brahmin)

• गतः (gataḥ) - attained (gone, reached, attained, obtained)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (an affectionate address) (O dear one, O father, O child)

• ब्रह्मर्षित्वम् (brahmarṣitvam) - the status of a brahmin sage (brahmarṣitva) (state of being a Brahmarṣi (Brahmin sage))

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - exactly, precisely (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Name of a famous Kuru warrior, son of Gaṅgā and Śāntanu.

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (liṭ), third person singular, active voice. Irregular form.

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रूयताम् (śrūyatām) - let it be heard (imperative command to listen) (let it be heard, listen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative (loṭ), third person singular, passive voice. From root `śru` (class 5).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Literally 'let it be heard (by you).'

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna) (O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Patronymic from `pṛthā`.

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in its true nature, truly (by truth, truly, in reality, in its true nature)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - reality, truth, true nature, principle

Derived from `tad` (that) + `tva` (suffix forming abstract nouns).

Note: Used adverbially.

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Name of a famous sage, originally a Kṣatriya who became a Brahmarṣi.

Compound: `viśva` (all) + `mitra` (friend).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, universal, entire
  adjective (masculine)
• mitra – friend, companion, the sun god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the clause 'Viśvāmitra...gataḥ'.

यथा (yathā) - how, as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb.

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause explaining 'how'.

पुरा (purā) - in ancient times (formerly, in ancient times, before)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

ब्राह्मणत्वम् (brāhmaṇatvam) - the state of a brahmin (brāhmaṇya) (brahminhood, state of being a Brahmin)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇatva

brāhmaṇatva - brahminhood, the status or office of a Brahmin

Derived from `brāhmaṇa` (Brahmin) + `tva` (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Object of `gataḥ` (meaning 'attained').

गतः (gataḥ) - attained (gone, reached, attained, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Literally 'having gone to/reached'.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (an affectionate address) (O dear one, O father, O child)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, child, dear one (term of endearment, often used by elder to younger or vice versa)

Note: Bhishma is addressing Pārtha (Arjuna).

ब्रह्मर्षित्वम् (brahmarṣitvam) - the status of a brahmin sage (brahmarṣitva) (state of being a Brahmarṣi (Brahmin sage))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahmarṣitva

brahmarṣitva - state/status of a brahmin sage (brahmarṣi)

Abstract noun from `brahmarṣi`.

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahmarṣi+tva)

• brahmarṣi – brahmin sage
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of `brahman` and `ṛṣi`.
• tva – suffix for abstract nouns, -ness, -hood
  suffix (neuter)
  Abstract noun forming suffix.

Note: Object of `gataḥ`.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Correlative of `yathā`.

एव (eva) - exactly, precisely (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.