महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-18, verse-38

गालव उवाच ।
विश्वामित्राभ्यनुज्ञातो ह्यहं पितरमागतः ।
अब्रवीन्मां ततो माता दुःखिता रुदती भृशम् ॥३८॥

38. gālava uvāca ,
viśvāmitrābhyanujñāto hyahaṁ pitaramāgataḥ ,
abravīnmāṁ tato mātā duḥkhitā rudatī bhṛśam.

38. gālavaḥ uvāca viśvāmitrābhyanujñātaḥ hi aham pitaram
āgataḥ abravīt mām tataḥ mātā duḥkhitā rudatī bhṛśam

38. gālavaḥ uvāca hi aham viśvāmitrābhyanujñātaḥ pitaram
āgataḥ tataḥ duḥkhitā rudatī mātā mām abravīt

38. Gālava said: 'Indeed, having received permission from Viśvāmitra, I approached my father. Then, my sorrowful mother, weeping profusely, spoke to me.'

Words meanings summery:

• गालवः (gālavaḥ) - The sage Gālava (Gālava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• विश्वामित्राभ्यनुज्ञातः (viśvāmitrābhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted by Viśvāmitra, having received permission from Viśvāmitra

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अहम् (aham) - Gālava (I)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - my father (father)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come, arrived

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• माम् (mām) - Gālava (me)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• माता (mātā) - Gālava's mother (mother)

• दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - sorrowful, distressed, unhappy

• रुदती (rudatī) - weeping, crying

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, profusely

Words meanings and morphology

गालवः (gālavaḥ) - The sage Gālava (Gālava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - Gālava (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

root `vac` (class 2) with reduplication, 3rd person singular ending

Root: vac (class 2)

विश्वामित्राभ्यनुज्ञातः (viśvāmitrābhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted by Viśvāmitra, having received permission from Viśvāmitra

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitrābhyanujñāta

viśvāmitrābhyanujñāta - permitted by Viśvāmitra, authorized by Viśvāmitra

past passive participle used as adjective

Compound: `Viśvāmitra` + `abhyanujñāta`

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viśvāmitra+abhyanujñāta)

• viśvāmitra – Viśvāmitra (name of a powerful sage)
  proper noun (masculine)
• abhyanujñāta – permitted, allowed, assented to
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root `jñā` (to know) with prefixes `abhi` and `anu`
  Prefixes: abhi+anu
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `aham`.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - Gālava (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

पितरम् (pitaram) - my father (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Object of `āgataḥ`.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

past passive participle

from root `gam` (to go) with prefix `ā`

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `aham` (used with active meaning for intransitive verbs).

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vac

imperfect active

root `vac` (class 2) with augment `a` and suffix `īt`, 3rd person singular ending

Root: vac (class 2)

माम् (mām) - Gālava (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

from pronominal stem `tad` + suffix `tas`

माता (mātā) - Gālava's mother (mother)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Subject of `abravīt`.

दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - sorrowful, distressed, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - sorrowful, distressed, unhappy, suffering

past passive participle

from root `duḥkh` (to suffer, to cause pain), feminine `ā` ending

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `mātā`.

रुदती (rudatī) - weeping, crying

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying (present participle)

present active participle

from root `rud` (to weep) + `at` suffix, feminine `ī` ending

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `mātā`.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, profusely

(indeclinable)

(adverbial accusative of `bhṛśa` adjective)