महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-18, verse-2

पुरा पुत्र मया मेरौ तप्यता परमं तपः ।
पुत्रहेतोर्महाराज स्तव एषोऽनुकीर्तितः ॥२॥

2. purā putra mayā merau tapyatā paramaṁ tapaḥ ,
putrahetormahārāja stava eṣo'nukīrtitaḥ.

2. purā putra mayā merau tapyatā paramam tapaḥ
putrahetoḥ mahārāja stavaḥ eṣaḥ anukīrtitaḥ

2. putra mahārāja purā mayā merau paramam tapaḥ
tapyatā putrahetoḥ eṣaḥ stavaḥ anukīrtitaḥ

2. Formerly, O son, O great king, while I was performing supreme asceticism (tapas) on Mount Meru for the sake of a son, this hymn of praise was recited by me.

Words meanings summery:

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

• पुत्र (putra) - O son!

• मया (mayā) - by me

• मेरौ (merau) - on Mount Meru

• तप्यता (tapyatā) - Refers to the speaker (Vyāsa) while he was engaged in severe asceticism. (by me, performing austerity, while undergoing austerity)

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, greatest

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas), asceticism

• पुत्रहेतोः (putrahetoḥ) - for the sake of a son

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Janamejaya, the listener of the Mahābhārata narration. (O great king!)

• स्तवः (stavaḥ) - Refers to the specific hymn being discussed or recited. (hymn of praise, eulogy)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

• अनुकीर्तितः (anukīrtitaḥ) - recounted, proclaimed

Words meanings and morphology

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

पुत्र (putra) - O son!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

मेरौ (merau) - on Mount Meru

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of meru

meru - Name of a mythical mountain, considered the center of the universe in Hindu cosmology

तप्यता (tapyatā) - Refers to the speaker (Vyāsa) while he was engaged in severe asceticism. (by me, performing austerity, while undergoing austerity)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tapyat

tapyat - undergoing austerity, performing penance, burning

Present Active Participle

Present active participle (śatṛ) of √tap (to perform asceticism, to suffer, to burn). Used here in instrumental case agreeing with 'mayā'.

Root: tap (class 1)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, greatest

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, utmost, excellent, ultimate

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas), asceticism

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth; spiritual fervor, asceticism, penance, austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

पुत्रहेतोः (putrahetoḥ) - for the sake of a son

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'hetu' (cause) in the ablative case, functioning adverbially.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+hetu)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Janamejaya, the listener of the Mahābhārata narration. (O great king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

स्तवः (stavaḥ) - Refers to the specific hymn being discussed or recited. (hymn of praise, eulogy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stava

stava - praise, eulogy, hymn, panegyric

Root: stu (class 2)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one (near speaker)

अनुकीर्तितः (anukīrtitaḥ) - recounted, proclaimed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anukīrtita

anukīrtita - recounted, proclaimed, celebrated, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √kīrt (to mention, to praise) with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: kīrt (class 10)