महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-18, verse-33

माण्डव्य उवाच ।
अचौरश्चौरशङ्कायां शूले भिन्नो ह्यहं यदा ।
तत्रस्थेन स्तुतो देवः प्राह मां वै महेश्वरः ॥३३॥

33. māṇḍavya uvāca ,
acauraścauraśaṅkāyāṁ śūle bhinno hyahaṁ yadā ,
tatrasthena stuto devaḥ prāha māṁ vai maheśvaraḥ.

33. māṇḍavyaḥ uvāca acauraḥ cauraśaṅkāyām śūle bhinnaḥ hi aham
yadā tatrasthena stutaḥ devaḥ prāha mām vai maheśvaraḥ

33. Maṇḍavya said: When I, innocent, was impaled on a stake due to suspicion of being a thief, the deity whom I praised while I was in that very state—Lord Maheśvara—indeed spoke to me.

Words meanings summery:

• माण्डव्यः (māṇḍavyaḥ) - The speaker of the verse. (Maṇḍavya (a sage's name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अचौरः (acauraḥ) - Maṇḍavya was innocent of the charge. (not a thief, innocent)

• चौरशङ्कायाम् (cauraśaṅkāyām) - Under the accusation of being a thief. (in the suspicion of theft, on the charge of theft)

• शूले (śūle) - Impaled on a pointed stake. (on a stake, by means of a stake)

• भिन्नः (bhinnaḥ) - Impaled by a stake. (pierced, split, broken, impaled)

• हि (hi) - "Indeed", emphasizing the reality of his situation. (indeed, surely, because)

• अहम् (aham) - Maṇḍavya referring to himself. (I)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• तत्रस्थेन (tatrasthena) - By me (Maṇḍavya) while I was in that state (on the stake). (by him who was there, by one existing there)

• स्तुतः (stutaḥ) - The deity who was praised. (praised, eulogized)

• देवः (devaḥ) - Refers to Lord Maheśvara. (god, deity)

• प्राह (prāha) - Maheśvara spoke. (said, spoke)

• माम् (mām) - Maheśvara spoke to me (Maṇḍavya). (me)

• वै (vai) - Emphasizes that Maheśvara spoke. (indeed, surely, certainly)

• महेश्वरः (maheśvaraḥ) - Refers to Lord Śiva, who spoke to Maṇḍavya. (Great Lord, Śiva)

Words meanings and morphology

माण्डव्यः (māṇḍavyaḥ) - The speaker of the verse. (Maṇḍavya (a sage's name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māṇḍavya

māṇḍavya - a descendant of Maṇḍu, name of a sage

Patronymic from Maṇḍu

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Perfect form of root vac, with reduplication and samprasarana (vac -> uc) from u + vac -> uvāca

Root: vac (class 2)

अचौरः (acauraḥ) - Maṇḍavya was innocent of the charge. (not a thief, innocent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acaur

acaur - not a thief, innocent

nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a (negation) + caura (thief)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+caura)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• caura – thief, robber
  noun (masculine)
  Root: cur (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `aham` (I), which implies Maṇḍavya himself.

चौरशङ्कायाम् (cauraśaṅkāyām) - Under the accusation of being a thief. (in the suspicion of theft, on the charge of theft)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of cauraśaṅkā

cauraśaṅkā - suspicion of theft

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (caura+śaṅkā)

• caura – thief, robber
  noun (masculine)
  Root: cur (class 10)
• śaṅkā – suspicion, doubt, fear
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Indicates the circumstance or situation.

शूले (śūle) - Impaled on a pointed stake. (on a stake, by means of a stake)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śūla

śūla - a stake, a spit, a pike

Note: Used here to denote the place or instrument of suffering.

भिन्नः (bhinnaḥ) - Impaled by a stake. (pierced, split, broken, impaled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhinna

bhinna - pierced, split, broken, divided

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhid (to split, break) with -ta suffix, becoming -na.

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `aham`.

हि (hi) - "Indeed", emphasizing the reality of his situation. (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

अहम् (aham) - Maṇḍavya referring to himself. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal conjunction.

तत्रस्थेन (tatrasthena) - By me (Maṇḍavya) while I was in that state (on the stake). (by him who was there, by one existing there)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tatrastha

tatrastha - standing there, existing there, being in that state

Compound: tatra (there) + stha (standing, existing)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (tatra+stha)

• tatra – there, in that place
  indeclinable
• stha – standing, abiding, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective from root sthā
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: It refers to the agent of the praise (Maṇḍavya himself).

स्तुतः (stutaḥ) - The deity who was praised. (praised, eulogized)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stuta

stuta - praised, eulogized

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root stu (to praise) with -ta suffix.

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `devaḥ`.

देवः (devaḥ) - Refers to Lord Maheśvara. (god, deity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 1)

प्राह (prāha) - Maheśvara spoke. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of prahā

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Perfect form of root ah (to say) with pra- prefix. Root ah is defective.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: From pra- + ah (to say).

माम् (mām) - Maheśvara spoke to me (Maṇḍavya). (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

वै (vai) - Emphasizes that Maheśvara spoke. (indeed, surely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

महेश्वरः (maheśvaraḥ) - Refers to Lord Śiva, who spoke to Maṇḍavya. (Great Lord, Śiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheśvara

maheśvara - Great Lord, a name for Śiva

Compound: mahā (great) + īśvara (lord)

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+īśvara)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• īśvara – lord, master, supreme being
  noun (masculine)
  From root īś (to rule)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: The subject of `prāha`.