महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-18, verse-53

सूक्ष्मं स्थूलं मृदु यच्चाप्यसूक्ष्मं सुखं दुःखं सुखदुःखान्तरं च ।
सांख्यं योगं यत्पराणां परं च शर्वाज्जातं विद्धि यत्कीर्तितं मे ॥५३॥

53. sūkṣmaṁ sthūlaṁ mṛdu yaccāpyasūkṣmaṁ; sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ sukhaduḥkhāntaraṁ ca ,
sāṁkhyaṁ yogaṁ yatparāṇāṁ paraṁ ca; śarvājjātaṁ viddhi yatkīrtitaṁ me.

53. sūkṣmam sthūlam mṛdu yat ca api asūkṣmam
sukham duḥkham sukhaduḥkhāntaram
ca sāṅkhyam yogam yat parāṇām param ca
śarvāt jātam viddhi yat kīrtitam me

53. sūkṣmam sthūlam mṛdu yat ca api asūkṣmam
sukham duḥkham sukhaduḥkhāntaram
ca sāṅkhyam yogam ca yat parāṇām param
ca me kīrtitam yat śarvāt jātam viddhi

53. Know that the subtle, the gross, the soft, and also the un-subtle; happiness, sorrow, and the intermediate state between happiness and sorrow; (sāṃkhya) and (yoga); and that which is supreme even among the supreme—all these are born from Śarva, as has been declared by me.

Words meanings summery:

• सूक्ष्मम् (sūkṣmam) - the subtle (subtle, minute, delicate, fine)

• स्थूलम् (sthūlam) - the gross (gross, coarse, bulky, large)

• मृदु (mṛdu) - the soft (soft, tender, mild, gentle)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• असूक्ष्मम् (asūkṣmam) - the un-subtle (coarse) (not subtle, coarse, gross)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, ease, joy)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, pain, misery)

• सुखदुःखान्तरम् (sukhaduḥkhāntaram) - the intermediate state between happiness and sorrow (intermediate state between happiness and sorrow)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• साङ्ख्यम् (sāṅkhyam) - (sāṃkhya) (Sāṃkhya (a system of philosophy), enumeration, calculation)

• योगम् (yogam) - (yoga) (yoga, union, connection, method, effort)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

• पराणाम् (parāṇām) - among the supreme things (of the supreme, of the highest)

• परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शर्वात् (śarvāt) - from Śarva (from Śarva (a name of Śiva))

• जातम् (jātam) - born (born, produced, arisen)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know! (know! (imperative))

• यत् (yat) - which (which, what)

• कीर्तितम् (kīrtitam) - declared (declared, praised, mentioned)

• मे (me) - by me (by me, to me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

सूक्ष्मम् (sūkṣmam) - the subtle (subtle, minute, delicate, fine)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, delicate, fine, abstract

From root suc (to be pure, emit light)

Root: suc

Note: Functions as a noun in the accusative case.

स्थूलम् (sthūlam) - the gross (gross, coarse, bulky, large)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthūla

sthūla - gross, coarse, bulky, large, thick

Root: sthal

Note: Functions as a noun in the accusative case.

मृदु (mṛdu) - the soft (soft, tender, mild, gentle)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, tender, mild, gentle, weak

Root: mṛd

Note: Functions as a noun in the accusative case.

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Can be either nominative or accusative singular neuter. Here functions as subject of an implied verb 'is' or object of 'know'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

असूक्ष्मम् (asūkṣmam) - the un-subtle (coarse) (not subtle, coarse, gross)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asūkṣma

asūkṣma - not subtle, coarse, gross

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) with sūkṣma.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sūkṣma)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sūkṣma – subtle, minute, delicate, fine
  adjective (neuter)
  From root suc (to be pure, emit light)
  Root: suc

Note: Functions as a noun in the accusative case.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, ease, joy)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, joy, comfort, ease

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, pain, misery)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, discomfort

'bad axle-hole' (etymology)

सुखदुःखान्तरम् (sukhaduḥkhāntaram) - the intermediate state between happiness and sorrow (intermediate state between happiness and sorrow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukhaduḥkhāntara

sukhaduḥkhāntara - the interval or intermediate state between happiness and sorrow

Dvandva compound of sukha and duḥkha, followed by antara.

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (sukha+duḥkha+antara)

• sukha – happiness, pleasure, joy, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• antara – interior, interval, difference, other
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

साङ्ख्यम् (sāṅkhyam) - (sāṃkhya) (Sāṃkhya (a system of philosophy), enumeration, calculation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāṅkhya

sāṅkhya - relating to number; enumeration; the Sāṃkhya philosophical system

From saṃkhyā (number, calculation)

Root: khyā

योगम् (yogam) - (yoga) (yoga, union, connection, method, effort)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, conjunction, method, effort, spiritual discipline, the Yoga philosophical system

From root yuj (to join, to yoke)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: The word is typically masculine.

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Functions as a noun in the accusative case (object of viddhi).

पराणाम् (parāṇām) - among the supreme things (of the supreme, of the highest)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, plural of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

Note: Genitive plural, implying 'among' or 'of'.

परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

शर्वात् (śarvāt) - from Śarva (from Śarva (a name of Śiva))

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śarva

śarva - a name of Śiva; archer; destroyer

From root śṛ (to break, crush)

Root: śṛ (class 1)

जातम् (jātam) - born (born, produced, arisen)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, become

Past Passive Participle

From root jan (to be born, produce)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with yat (the object of viddhi).

विद्धि (viddhi) - know! (know! (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative, 2nd person singular

Irregular imperative form from root vid (class 2).

Root: vid (class 2)

यत् (yat) - which (which, what)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Nominative singular, subject of kīrtitam.

कीर्तितम् (kīrtitam) - declared (declared, praised, mentioned)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kīrtita

kīrtita - praised, celebrated, declared, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

From root kīrt (to mention, praise, declare)

Root: kīrt (class 10)

Note: Forms a passive construction 'that which has been declared'.

मे (me) - by me (by me, to me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Enclitic form of mad (first person pronoun).

Note: Genitive indicating agency with passive participle.