योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-159, verse-30

पादेनाभिहतो व्योम्नि दुर्वासा ध्यानसंस्थितः ।
गतासुरित्यविज्ञानात्तेनासौ कुपितोऽशपत् ॥ ३० ॥

pādenābhihato vyomni durvāsā dhyānasaṃsthitaḥ ,
gatāsurityavijñānāttenāsau kupito'śapat 30

30. pādena abhihataḥ vyomni durvāsāḥ dhyānasaṃsthitaḥ
| gatāsuḥ iti avijñānāt tena asau kupitaḥ aśapat ||

30. dhyānasaṃsthitaḥ durvāsāḥ vyomni pādena abhihataḥ
asau tena gatāsuḥ iti avijñānāt kupitaḥ aśapat

30. Durvasas, who was absorbed in meditation (dhyāna), was struck in the sky by a foot. Because of the ignorance (on the part of the striker) who did not know that he (Durvasas) was merely in meditation and not lifeless (gatāsu), Durvasas became enraged and cursed him.

Words meanings summery:

• पादेन (pādena) - by the foot

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, hit, injured

• व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky, in space

• दुर्वासाः (durvāsāḥ) - Durvasas (a sage)

• ध्यानसंस्थितः (dhyānasaṁsthitaḥ) - absorbed in meditation

• गतासुः (gatāsuḥ) - lifeless, dead

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks quoted thought/speech)

• अविज्ञानात् (avijñānāt) - from ignorance, due to not knowing

• तेन (tena) - by him (the striker) (by him)

• असौ (asau) - that one (Durvasas) (that one, he)

• कुपितः (kupitaḥ) - enraged, angry

• अशपत् (aśapat) - he cursed

Words meanings and morphology

पादेन (pādena) - by the foot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāda

pāda - foot, leg; quarter, part

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, hit, injured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, hit, injured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with upasarga abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Durvasas

व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky, in space

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyoman

vyoman - sky, atmosphere, space

दुर्वासाः (durvāsāḥ) - Durvasas (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durvāsas

durvāsas - Durvasas (name of a powerful and short-tempered sage)

ध्यानसंस्थितः (dhyānasaṁsthitaḥ) - absorbed in meditation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhyānasaṃsthita

dhyānasaṁsthita - absorbed in meditation (dhyāna)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhyāna+saṃsthita)

• dhyāna – meditation, contemplation
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhyā (class 1)
• saṃsthita – standing, situated, abiding, fixed, absorbed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sthā (to stand) with upasarga sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Durvasas

गतासुः (gatāsuḥ) - lifeless, dead

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatāsu

gatāsu - whose breath has departed; dead, lifeless

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – breath, vital air, life
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used predicatively within the 'iti' clause, referring to Durvasas from the striker's perspective.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks quoted thought/speech)

(indeclinable)

अविज्ञानात् (avijñānāt) - from ignorance, due to not knowing

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of avijñāna

avijñāna - ignorance, want of knowledge

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'vijñāna' (knowledge)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+vijñāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vijñāna – knowledge, understanding, discernment
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root jñā (to know) with upasarga vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

तेन (tena) - by him (the striker) (by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person who struck Durvasas, contextually male.

असौ (asau) - that one (Durvasas) (that one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder; he, she, it (remote demonstrative)

Note: Refers to Durvasas.

कुपितः (kupitaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kupita

kupita - angered, wrathful, agitated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kup (to be angry)

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Refers to Durvasas.

अशपत् (aśapat) - he cursed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śap

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Preceded by 'a' (augment) for past tense.