वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-46, verse-56

स ददर्श महातेजा रावणः कपिसत्तमम् ।
रक्षोभिर्विकृताकारैः कृष्यमाणमितस्ततः ॥५६॥

56. sa dadarśa mahātejā rāvaṇaḥ kapisattamam ,
rakṣobhirvikṛtākāraiḥ kṛṣyamāṇamitastataḥ.

56. sa dadarśa mahātejā rāvaṇaḥ kapisattamam
rakṣobhiḥ vikṛtākāraiḥ kṛṣyamāṇam itaḥ tataḥ

56. mahātejāḥ rāvaṇaḥ saḥ vikṛtākāraiḥ rakṣobhiḥ
itaḥ tataḥ kṛṣyamāṇam kapisattamam dadarśa

56. The greatly effulgent Rāvaṇa saw the best of monkeys (Hanumān) being dragged to and fro by the grotesque-looking rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

• महातेजा (mahātejā) - the greatly effulgent one (Rāvaṇa) (greatly effulgent, very splendorous)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (proper noun))

• कपिसत्तमम् (kapisattamam) - the best of monkeys (Hanumān) (the best of monkeys)

• रक्षोभिः (rakṣobhiḥ) - by the rākṣasas (by the rākṣasas (demons))

• विकृताकारैः (vikṛtākāraiḥ) - of grotesque forms (of distorted forms, ugly)

• कृष्यमाणम् (kṛṣyamāṇam) - being dragged (being dragged, being pulled)

• इतः (itaḥ) - hither (from here, hither)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thither (from there, thither)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Forms sa before consonants (excluding 's'), saḥ before vowels and 's'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of dṛś

Perfect active

Root dṛś, Reduplicated Perfect (Lit).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

महातेजा (mahātejā) - the greatly effulgent one (Rāvaṇa) (greatly effulgent, very splendorous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - greatly effulgent, very splendorous, powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, brilliance, energy, power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Rāvaṇa.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (the king of Laṅkā)

Son of Viśravas and Kaikasī.

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Subject of dadarśa.

कपिसत्तमम् (kapisattamam) - the best of monkeys (Hanumān) (the best of monkeys)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kapisattama

kapisattama - best among monkeys

Compound. kapis (monkey) + sattama (superlative of sat, good).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kapi+sattama)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent, most good
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of sat (good, existing), related to sant (being).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of dadarśa.

रक्षोभिः (rakṣobhiḥ) - by the rākṣasas (by the rākṣasas (demons))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, rākṣasa, evil spirit

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agent of kṛṣyamāṇam.

विकृताकारैः (vikṛtākāraiḥ) - of grotesque forms (of distorted forms, ugly)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vikṛtākāra

vikṛtākāra - having a distorted shape, ugly, grotesque

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vikṛta+ākāra)

• vikṛta – distorted, deformed, changed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ākāra – form, shape, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies rakṣobhiḥ.

कृष्यमाणम् (kṛṣyamāṇam) - being dragged (being dragged, being pulled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣyamāṇa

kṛṣyamāṇa - being dragged, being pulled

Present Passive Participle

Formed from root kṛṣ (to drag) + ya (passive) + māna.

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies kapisattamam.

इतः (itaḥ) - hither (from here, hither)

(indeclinable)

From idam (this) + tas (ablative suffix).

Note: Part of adverbial pair itastataḥ.

ततः (tataḥ) - thither (from there, thither)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + tas (ablative suffix).

Note: Part of adverbial pair itastataḥ.