वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-46, verse-35

अवध्यो ऽयमिति ज्ञात्वा तमस्त्रेणास्त्रतत्त्ववित् ।
निजग्राह महाबाहुर्मारुतात्मजमिन्द्रजित् ॥३५॥

35. avadhyo'yamiti jñātvā tamastreṇāstratattvavit ,
nijagrāha mahābāhurmārutātmajamindrajit.

35. avadhyaḥ ayam iti jñātvā tam astreṇa astratattvavit
nijagrāha mahābāhuḥ mārutātmajam indrajit

35. astratattvavit mahābāhuḥ indrajit ayam avadhyaḥ
iti jñātvā tam astreṇa mārutātmajam nijagrāha

35. Knowing that 'this one cannot be killed,' the mighty-armed Indrajit, who understood the principles of mystic weapons (astra), captured Hanuman, the son of Vayu, with such a weapon.

Words meanings summery:

• अवध्यः (avadhyaḥ) - not to be killed (as Hanuman was an envoy and killing him would be inappropriate) (not to be killed, inviolable, invulnerable, invincible)

• अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to Hanuman) (this, this one)

• इति (iti) - marking the preceding phrase 'this one is not to be killed' as a thought (thus, so, in this manner, marking direct speech or thought)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having come to know, understanding (having known, knowing)

• तम् (tam) - him (Hanuman) (him, that)

• अस्त्रेण (astreṇa) - with a mystic weapon (astra) to incapacitate rather than kill (by means of a weapon, with a missile)

• अस्त्रतत्त्ववित् (astratattvavit) - Indrajit, who was an expert in the science of mystic weapons (knower of the principles/essence of weapons, skilled in weaponry)

• निजग्राह (nijagrāha) - Indrajit captured (Hanuman) (he seized, he captured, he took)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Indrajit, who was mighty-armed (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

• मारुतात्मजम् (mārutātmajam) - Hanuman, the son of the wind-god (Vayu) (son of Maruta (Vayu), son of the wind-god)

• इन्द्रजित् (indrajit) - Indrajit, son of Ravana (conqueror of Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

अवध्यः (avadhyaḥ) - not to be killed (as Hanuman was an envoy and killing him would be inappropriate) (not to be killed, inviolable, invulnerable, invincible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, invulnerable, inviolable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Formed with suffix -ya (or -īya, -tavya) from `han` (to strike, kill), with `a-` negative prefix.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective.

अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to Hanuman) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

इति (iti) - marking the preceding phrase 'this one is not to be killed' as a thought (thus, so, in this manner, marking direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having come to know, understanding (having known, knowing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: jñā (class 9)

तम् (tam) - him (Hanuman) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Refers to Hanuman, object of the verb `nijagrāha`.

अस्त्रेण (astreṇa) - with a mystic weapon (astra) to incapacitate rather than kill (by means of a weapon, with a missile)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, mystic weapon

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Instrument of capture.

अस्त्रतत्त्ववित् (astratattvavit) - Indrajit, who was an expert in the science of mystic weapons (knower of the principles/essence of weapons, skilled in weaponry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of astratattvavit

astratattvavit - knower of the truth/principle of weapons

Compound formed with `vit` (knower) at the end.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (astra+tattva+vid)

• astra – weapon, missile, mystic weapon
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)
• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knower, knowing
  noun (masculine)
  From root `vid` (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Indrajit.

निजग्राह (nijagrāha) - Indrajit captured (Hanuman) (he seized, he captured, he took)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of grah

Perfect tense (Liṭ), 3rd person singular. Reduplication `ni-grah` -> `ni-jagrah` -> `ni-jagrāha`.

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Indrajit, who was mighty-armed (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - great-armed, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Stem form of `mahat`.
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Indrajit.

मारुतात्मजम् (mārutātmajam) - Hanuman, the son of the wind-god (Vayu) (son of Maruta (Vayu), son of the wind-god)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārutātmaja

mārutātmaja - son of Maruta, son of Vayu

Compound. Maruta (Vayu) + ātmaja (self-born, son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (māruta+ātmaja)

• māruta – relating to Maruta (Vayu), wind-god
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from `marut` (wind).
• ātmaja – self-born, son
  noun (masculine)
  From `ātman` (self) + `ja` (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of the verb `nijagrāha`.

इन्द्रजित् (indrajit) - Indrajit, son of Ravana (conqueror of Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indrajit

indrajit - conqueror of Indra

Compound. Indra (name of a deity) + jit (conquering).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (indra+jit)

• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
• jit – conquering, victor
  noun (masculine)
  From root `ji` (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.