वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-42, verse-55

स तु देशो विसूर्यो ऽपि तस्य भासा प्रकाशते ।
सूर्यलक्ष्म्याभिविज्ञेयस्तपसेव विवस्वता ॥५५॥

55. sa tu deśo visūryo'pi tasya bhāsā prakāśate ,
sūryalakṣmyābhivijñeyastapaseva vivasvatā.

55. saḥ tu deśaḥ visūryaḥ api tasya bhāsā prakāśate
sūryalakṣmyā abhivijñeyaḥ tapasā eva vivasvatā

55. saḥ deśaḥ tu visūryaḥ api tasya bhāsā prakāśate
sūryalakṣmyā vivasvatā tapasā eva abhivijñeyaḥ

55. That region, even without a sun, shines by its (the mountain's) brilliance. It is to be recognized by the splendor of the sun, as if by the ascetic energy (tapas) of Vivasvat.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• देशः (deśaḥ) - region, place

• विसूर्यः (visūryaḥ) - without sun, sunless

• अपि (api) - even, also, although

• तस्य (tasya) - of the mountain (its, of it, of that)

• भासा (bhāsā) - by brilliance, by light

• प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines, appears

• सूर्यलक्ष्म्या (sūryalakṣmyā) - by the splendor/glory of the sun

• अभिविज्ञेयः (abhivijñeyaḥ) - is to be known, recognisable, distinguishable

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by ascetic energy

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• विवस्वता (vivasvatā) - by the sun-god Vivasvat (by Vivasvat (the Sun-god))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

देशः (deśaḥ) - region, place

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - region, place, country

विसूर्यः (visūryaḥ) - without sun, sunless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of visūrya

visūrya - without sun, sunless

Compound: vi (without) + sūrya (sun)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+sūrya)

• vi – apart, asunder, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition indicating separation, negation.
• sūrya – sun, sun god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `deśaḥ`.

अपि (api) - even, also, although

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to emphasize 'even though'.

तस्य (tasya) - of the mountain (its, of it, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the mountain Somagiri.

भासा (bhāsā) - by brilliance, by light

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bhā

bhā - light, luster, brilliance

Root: bhā (class 2)

प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of prakāś

Derived from root `kāś` (to shine) with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

सूर्यलक्ष्म्या (sūryalakṣmyā) - by the splendor/glory of the sun

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sūryalakṣmī

sūryalakṣmī - splendor of the sun, glory of the sun

Compound: sūrya (sun) + lakṣmī (fortune, prosperity, splendor)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūrya+lakṣmī)

• sūrya – sun, sun god
  noun (masculine)
• lakṣmī – fortune, prosperity, beauty, splendor, glory
  noun (feminine)

Note: Instrumental to 'be recognized'.

अभिविज्ञेयः (abhivijñeyaḥ) - is to be known, recognisable, distinguishable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhivijñeya

abhivijñeya - to be known, to be recognized, discernible

Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)

Derived from root `jñā` (to know) with prefixes `abhi-` and `vi-`, and suffix `eya`.

Prefixes: abhi+vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Implies 'it is to be recognized'.

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by ascetic energy

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, heat, asceticism, penance, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used in comparison 'as if by...'

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the comparison.

विवस्वता (vivasvatā) - by the sun-god Vivasvat (by Vivasvat (the Sun-god))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vivasvat

vivasvat - Vivasvat (a name for the sun or sun-god)

Note: Agent of the implied recognition, in comparison with the mountain's light.