वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-42, verse-37

तं तु देशमतिक्रम्य शैलोदा नाम निम्नगा ।
उभयोस्तीरयोर्यस्याः कीचका नाम वेणवः ॥३७॥

37. taṃ tu deśamatikramya śailodā nāma nimnagā ,
ubhayostīrayoryasyāḥ kīcakā nāma veṇavaḥ.

37. tam tu deśam atikramya śailodā nāma nimnagā
ubhayoḥ tīrayoḥ yasyāḥ kīcakā nāma veṇavaḥ

37. tam deśam atikramya tu śailodā nāma nimnagā
yasyāḥ ubhayoḥ tīrayoḥ kīcakā nāma veṇavaḥ

37. Having passed beyond that region, there is a river called Śailodā, on both banks of which grow bamboos known as Kīcakas.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (region) (that, him, it)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• देशम् (deśam) - country, region, place

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having passed beyond (having crossed, having surpassed, having gone beyond)

• शैलोदा (śailodā) - the river named Śailodā (Śailodā (name of a river, lit. 'mountain-water'))

• नाम (nāma) - named (Śailodā) (by name, named, indeed)

• निम्नगा (nimnagā) - river (lit. 'going downwards')

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both

• तीरयोः (tīrayoḥ) - on (both) banks (of banks, on banks)

• यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - of which, whose

• कीचका (kīcakā) - Kīcakas (a type of bamboo, name)

• नाम (nāma) - known as (Kīcakas) (by name, named, indeed)

• वेणवः (veṇavaḥ) - bamboos (bamboos, flutes)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (region) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

देशम् (deśam) - country, region, place

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - country, region, place, spot

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having passed beyond (having crossed, having surpassed, having gone beyond)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'kram' (to step) with prefix 'ati-' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

शैलोदा (śailodā) - the river named Śailodā (Śailodā (name of a river, lit. 'mountain-water'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śailodā

śailodā - Śailodā (name of a mythical river, literally 'mountain-water')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaila+uda)

• śaila – mountain, rock, hill
  noun (masculine)
• uda – water
  noun (neuter)

नाम (nāma) - named (Śailodā) (by name, named, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially to mean 'by name' or 'what is called'.

निम्नगा (nimnagā) - river (lit. 'going downwards')

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nimnagā

nimnagā - river, stream (literally 'that which goes down')

Derived from 'nimna' (downwards) and root 'gam' (to go) with suffix 'ḍa' and feminine ending.

Root: gam (class 1)

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both

(adjective)

Genitive, dual of ubhaya

ubhaya - both, of two kinds

Note: Can also be locative dual based on context, but genitive is more common for this form.

तीरयोः (tīrayoḥ) - on (both) banks (of banks, on banks)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of tīra

tīra - bank, shore, edge, brim

Note: Contextually functions as a locative dual ('on the banks').

यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - of which, whose

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever

कीचका (kīcakā) - Kīcakas (a type of bamboo, name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kīcaka

kīcaka - a species of hollow bamboo which produces a sound when wind passes through it; a type of drum

नाम (nāma) - known as (Kīcakas) (by name, named, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially to mean 'by name' or 'what is called'.

वेणवः (veṇavaḥ) - bamboos (bamboos, flutes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of veṇu

veṇu - bamboo, flute, reed