वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-42, verse-18

तमतिक्रम्य चाकाशं सर्वतः शतयोजनम् ।
अपर्वतनदी वृक्षं सर्वसत्त्वविवर्जितम् ॥१८॥

18. tamatikramya cākāśaṃ sarvataḥ śatayojanam ,
aparvatanadī vṛkṣaṃ sarvasattvavivarjitam.

18. tam atikramya ca ākāśam sarvataḥ śatayojanam
aparvatanadīvṛkṣam sarvasattvavivarjitam

18. tam atikramya ca sarvataḥ śatayojanam
aparvatanadīvṛkṣam sarvasattvavivarjitam ākāśam

18. And having traversed that area, you will find an expanse of sky stretching a hundred yojanas (approximately 800 miles) in all directions, devoid of mountains, rivers, or trees, and completely without any living creatures.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (previously mentioned region/area) (that)

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having traversed (that area) (having crossed, having surpassed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - an expanse of sky or space (sky, space, ether)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - on all sides, in all directions (on all sides, completely, everywhere)

• शतयोजनम् (śatayojanam) - an expanse of a hundred yojanas (one yojana is about 8 miles) (a hundred yojanas)

• अपर्वतनदीवृक्षम् (aparvatanadīvṛkṣam) - devoid of mountains, rivers, and trees (without mountains, rivers, or trees)

• सर्वसत्त्वविवर्जितम् (sarvasattvavivarjitam) - completely without any living creatures (devoid of all living beings)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (previously mentioned region/area) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the region to be searched or crossed, implying a path/area.

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having traversed (that area) (having crossed, having surpassed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'kram' (to step, go) with prefix 'ati' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - an expanse of sky or space (sky, space, ether)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether, the first of the five elements

Prefix: ā

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Used here as an object of crossing or as a predicate.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - on all sides, in all directions (on all sides, completely, everywhere)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with 'tas' suffix.

शतयोजनम् (śatayojanam) - an expanse of a hundred yojanas (one yojana is about 8 miles) (a hundred yojanas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śatayojana

śatayojana - a hundred yojanas

Compound type : dvigu (śata+yojana)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• yojana – a measure of distance (approx. 8-9 miles)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with ākāśam.

अपर्वतनदीवृक्षम् (aparvatanadīvṛkṣam) - devoid of mountains, rivers, and trees (without mountains, rivers, or trees)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aparvatanadīvṛkṣa

aparvatanadīvṛkṣa - without mountains, rivers, or trees

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+parvata+nadī+vṛkṣa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)
• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with ākāśam.

सर्वसत्त्वविवर्जितम् (sarvasattvavivarjitam) - completely without any living creatures (devoid of all living beings)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarvasattvavivarjita

sarvasattvavivarjita - devoid of all living beings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+sattva+vivarjita)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun/adjective
• sattva – being, existence, creature, essence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• vivarjita – abandoned, forsaken, devoid of, free from
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vṛj' (to avoid, abandon) with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with ākāśam.