वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-42, verse-36

गभस्तिभिरिवार्कस्य स तु देशः प्रकाशते ।
विश्राम्यद्भिस्तपः सिद्धैर्देवकल्पैः स्वयम्प्रभैः ॥३६॥

36. gabhastibhirivārkasya sa tu deśaḥ prakāśate ,
viśrāmyadbhistapaḥ siddhairdevakalpaiḥ svayamprabhaiḥ.

36. gabhastibhiḥ iva arkasya saḥ tu deśaḥ prakāśate
viśrāmyadbhiḥ tapaḥsiddhaiḥ devakalpaiḥ svayamprabhaiḥ

36. But that region shines as if by the sun's rays, [illuminated] by divine, self-luminous, and perfected beings who have achieved spiritual power through their austerities (tapas) and are resting there.

Words meanings summery:

• गभस्तिभिः (gabhastibhiḥ) - by rays, by beams

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अर्कस्य (arkasya) - of the sun

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• देशः (deśaḥ) - region, place

• प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines, appears, is illuminated

• विश्राम्यद्भिः (viśrāmyadbhiḥ) - by those who are resting (by those resting, reposing)

• तपःसिद्धैः (tapaḥsiddhaiḥ) - by perfected beings who have achieved spiritual power through their austerities (tapas) (by those perfected through austerity)

• देवकल्पैः (devakalpaiḥ) - by those like gods, divine

• स्वयम्प्रभैः (svayamprabhaiḥ) - by those who are self-luminous, self-resplendent

Words meanings and morphology

गभस्तिभिः (gabhastibhiḥ) - by rays, by beams

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gabhasti

gabhasti - ray of light, beam; arm, hand

Root: grabh (class 9)

Note: Instrumental case, indicating the means by which the region shines (implied).

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

अर्कस्य (arkasya) - of the sun

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arka

arka - sun, ray, fire

Root: arc (class 1)

Note: Possessive, modifying 'gabhastibhiḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'deśaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunction, often used for emphasis or contrast.

देशः (deśaḥ) - region, place

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - region, place, country, spot

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Subject of the verb 'prakāśate'.

प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines, appears, is illuminated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prakāśate

Present Middle

From root `kāś` (to shine) with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

विश्राम्यद्भिः (viśrāmyadbhiḥ) - by those who are resting (by those resting, reposing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of viśrāmyat

viśrāmyat - resting, reposing, taking a rest

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `śram` (to be weary, to rest) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Modifies `tapaḥsiddhaiḥ`.

तपःसिद्धैः (tapaḥsiddhaiḥ) - by perfected beings who have achieved spiritual power through their austerities (tapas) (by those perfected through austerity)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tapaḥsiddha

tapaḥsiddha - perfected by austerity (tapas); one who has gained perfection through spiritual practice

Tatpuruṣa compound: `tapas` (austerity) + `siddha` (perfected).

Compound type : tṛtīyā tatpuruṣa (tapas+siddha)

• tapas – austerity, penance, spiritual heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• siddha – accomplished, perfected, successful; a perfected being
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `sidh` (to succeed, accomplish).
  Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: Agent by which the region shines (implied).

देवकल्पैः (devakalpaiḥ) - by those like gods, divine

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of devakalpa

devakalpa - like a god, similar to a deity, divine

Compound: `deva` (god) + `kalpa` (like, similar to).

Compound type : upamāna purva pada (deva+kalpa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• kalpa – like, similar to, almost (suffix)
  adjective
  Suffix indicating similarity.

Note: Modifies `tapaḥsiddhaiḥ`.

स्वयम्प्रभैः (svayamprabhaiḥ) - by those who are self-luminous, self-resplendent

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of svayamprabha

svayamprabha - self-luminous, self-resplendent, shining by its own light

Bahuvrīhi compound: `svayam` (by oneself) + `prabhā` (light, radiance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (svayam+prabhā)

• svayam – by oneself, voluntarily, spontaneously
  indeclinable
• prabhā – light, splendor, radiance
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root `bhā` (to shine) with prefix `pra`.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Modifies `tapaḥsiddhaiḥ`.