मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-31, verse-44
मन्त्रपूर्वं पितॄणाञ्च कुर्यादावाहनं बुधः ।
अपसव्यं तथा चार्घ्यं यवार्थञ्च तथा तिलैः ॥४४॥
अपसव्यं तथा चार्घ्यं यवार्थञ्च तथा तिलैः ॥४४॥
44. mantrapūrvaṃ pitṝṇāñca kuryādāvāhanaṃ budhaḥ .
apasavyaṃ tathā cārghyaṃ yavārthañca tathā tilaiḥ.
apasavyaṃ tathā cārghyaṃ yavārthañca tathā tilaiḥ.
44.
mantrapūrvam pitṝṇām ca kuryāt āvāhanam budhaḥ
apasavyam tathā ca arghyam yavārtham ca tathā tilaiḥ
apasavyam tathā ca arghyam yavārtham ca tathā tilaiḥ
44.
And the wise one should perform the invocation of the ancestors (pitṛs), preceded by sacred utterance (mantra); likewise, the arghya (ritual offering) should be performed in the counter-clockwise manner, with barley and also with sesame seeds.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- मन्त्रपूर्वम् (mantrapūrvam) - preceded by sacred utterance (mantra) (preceded by a mantra, with a mantra)
- पितॄणाम् (pitṝṇām) - for the ancestors (pitṛs) (of the ancestors, of the fathers)
- च (ca) - and
- कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - he should perform (he should do, he should perform)
- आवाहनम् (āvāhanam) - invocation (of ancestors) (invocation, summoning)
- बुधः (budhaḥ) - the wise one (wise, learned, intelligent one)
- अपसव्यम् (apasavyam) - in the counter-clockwise manner (as is proper for ancestral rites) (counter-clockwise, leftwards)
- तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, in that manner; and)
- च (ca) - and
- अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - arghya (ritual water offering) (a respectful offering, oblation (often water))
- यवार्थम् (yavārtham) - with barley (as an ingredient for the offering) (for the purpose of barley, consisting of barley)
- च (ca) - and
- तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, in that manner; and)
- तिलैः (tilaiḥ) - with sesame seeds (as an ingredient for the offering) (with sesame seeds)
Words meanings and morphology
मन्त्रपूर्वम् (mantrapūrvam) - preceded by sacred utterance (mantra) (preceded by a mantra, with a mantra)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of mantrapūrva
mantrapūrva - preceded by a mantra, performed with a mantra
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mantra+pūrva)
- mantra – sacred utterance, hymn, prayer, mystical formula
noun (masculine)
From man (to think) + tra (instrumental suffix).
Root: man (class 4) - pūrva – prior, preceding, former
adjective (masculine)
Root: pṛ (class 3)
Note: Describes the manner of performing the invocation.
पितॄणाम् (pitṝṇām) - for the ancestors (pitṛs) (of the ancestors, of the fathers)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of pitṛ
pitṛ - father, ancestor, progenitor; a class of deceased ancestors
Note: Genitive indicating relation 'for the ancestors'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - he should perform (he should do, he should perform)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ
optative mood, active voice
3rd person singular, optative.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The main verb of the sentence.
आवाहनम् (āvāhanam) - invocation (of ancestors) (invocation, summoning)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of āvāhana
āvāhana - invocation, summoning, calling forth
gerundial noun (from verbal root)
From ā + vah (to carry, lead) + ana (suffix).
Prefix: ā
Root: vah (class 1)
Note: Object of kuryāt.
बुधः (budhaḥ) - the wise one (wise, learned, intelligent one)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of budha
budha - wise, intelligent; a wise man, an intelligent person
From root BUDH (to know).
Root: budh (class 1)
Note: Subject of kuryāt.
अपसव्यम् (apasavyam) - in the counter-clockwise manner (as is proper for ancestral rites) (counter-clockwise, leftwards)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of apasavya
apasavya - left, reverse, opposite of pradakṣiṇa (clockwise circumambulation), relating to the ancestors
From apa + savya (left).
Note: Indicates the direction of ritual action.
तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, in that manner; and)
(indeclinable)
From tad + thā (suffix indicating manner).
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - arghya (ritual water offering) (a respectful offering, oblation (often water))
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of arghya
arghya - respectable, honorable; an offering of respect (esp. water)
From argh (to be worthy) + ya (suffix).
Root: argh (class 1)
Note: Object of an implied verb, or adverbial.
यवार्थम् (yavārtham) - with barley (as an ingredient for the offering) (for the purpose of barley, consisting of barley)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of yavārtha
yavārtha - barley-purpose, barley-object, consisting of barley
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (yava+artha)
- yava – barley
noun (masculine) - artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
noun (masculine)
Note: Refers to the arghya being made with or for barley.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, in that manner; and)
(indeclinable)
From tad + thā (suffix indicating manner).
तिलैः (tilaiḥ) - with sesame seeds (as an ingredient for the offering) (with sesame seeds)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of tila
tila - sesame seed, sesame plant
Note: Indicates the ingredient used for the arghya.