मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-31, verse-20
कार्यं श्राद्धममावास्यां मासि मास्युडुपक्षये ।
तथाष्टकास्वप्यवश्यमिच्छाकालं निबोध मे ॥२०॥
तथाष्टकास्वप्यवश्यमिच्छाकालं निबोध मे ॥२०॥
20. kāryaṃ śrāddhamamāvāsyāṃ māsi māsyuḍupakṣaye .
tathāṣṭakāsvapyavaśyamicchākālaṃ nibodha me.
tathāṣṭakāsvapyavaśyamicchākālaṃ nibodha me.
20.
kāryam śrāddham amāvāsyām māsi māsi uḍupa-kṣaye
tathā aṣṭakāsu api avaśyam icchā-kālam nibodha me
tathā aṣṭakāsu api avaśyam icchā-kālam nibodha me
20.
The śrāddha ritual must be performed every month on the new moon day (amāvāsyā) and also on the Aṣṭakā days. Additionally, learn from me the optional times.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कार्यम् (kāryam) - the śrāddha ritual is to be performed (to be done, to be performed, ought to be done)
- श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - the śrāddha ritual, offering to ancestors
- अमावास्याम् (amāvāsyām) - on the new moon day
- मासि (māsi) - in each month (in the month)
- मासि (māsi) - in each month (in the month)
- उडुपक्षये (uḍupakṣaye) - on the new moon day (when the moon wanes completely) (on the waning of the moon)
- तथा (tathā) - similarly, also, and
- अष्टकासु (aṣṭakāsu) - on the Aṣṭakā days, which are specific ritual days in the winter months (on the Aṣṭakā days)
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - necessarily, certainly, inevitably
- इच्छाकालम् (icchākālam) - times when one may optionally perform the śrāddha (optional time, desired time)
- निबोध (nibodha) - learn, understand, know
- मे (me) - from me
Words meanings and morphology
कार्यम् (kāryam) - the śrāddha ritual is to be performed (to be done, to be performed, ought to be done)
(gerundive)
श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - the śrāddha ritual, offering to ancestors
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śrāddha
śrāddha - a ritual offering to ancestors; faith, belief, devotion
From śraddhā (faith) + aṇ affix
अमावास्याम् (amāvāsyām) - on the new moon day
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of amāvāsyā
amāvāsyā - new moon day, the day of conjunction of sun and moon
From amā (together) + vas (to dwell) + ṇya affix
Root: √vas (class 1)
मासि (māsi) - in each month (in the month)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of māsa
māsa - month, moon (poetic)
Note: Reduplicated 'māsi māsi' means 'every month'.
मासि (māsi) - in each month (in the month)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of māsa
māsa - month, moon (poetic)
Note: Reduplicated 'māsi māsi' means 'every month'.
उडुपक्षये (uḍupakṣaye) - on the new moon day (when the moon wanes completely) (on the waning of the moon)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of uḍupakṣaya
uḍupakṣaya - waning of the moon, new moon
Tatpuruṣa compound.
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (uḍupa+kṣaya)
- uḍupa – moon, star
noun (masculine) - kṣaya – decrease, destruction, waning, end
noun (masculine)
From root √kṣi (to destroy, wane)
Root: √kṣi (class 1)
तथा (tathā) - similarly, also, and
(indeclinable)
अष्टकासु (aṣṭakāsu) - on the Aṣṭakā days, which are specific ritual days in the winter months (on the Aṣṭakā days)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, plural of aṣṭakā
aṣṭakā - the eighth day after the full moon of the three or four winter months, a specific śrāddha ritual day
From aṣṭa (eight) + ka affix
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - necessarily, certainly, inevitably
(indeclinable)
From a-vaśa (not subject to another's will) + yam affix, used adverbially.
इच्छाकालम् (icchākālam) - times when one may optionally perform the śrāddha (optional time, desired time)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of icchākāla
icchākāla - optional time, desired time
Tatpuruṣa compound.
Compound type : karmadhāraya (icchā+kāla)
- icchā – wish, desire, will
noun (feminine)
From root √iṣ (to wish, desire) + a affix
Root: √iṣ (class 4) - kāla – time, period
noun (masculine)
निबोध (nibodha) - learn, understand, know
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of budh
Root √budh (class 1), with prefix ni-.
Prefix: ni
Root: √budh (class 1)
मे (me) - from me
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of asmad
asmad - I, we
Note: Here functioning as an ablative 'from me'.