मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम् mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-31, verse-21

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विशिष्टब्राह्मणप्राप्तौ सूर्येन्दुग्रहणेऽयने ।
विषुवे रविसंक्रान्तौ व्यतिपाते च पुत्रक ॥२१॥

21. viśiṣṭabrāhmaṇaprāptau sūryendugrahaṇe'yane .
viṣuve ravisaṃkrāntau vyatipāte ca putraka.

21. viśiṣṭabrāhmaṇaprāptau sūryendugrahaṇe ayane
viṣuve ravisaṃkrāntau vyatipāte ca putraka

21. O son, a śrāddha rite should be performed when a distinguished Brahmin is available, during a solar or lunar eclipse, at the time of a solstice, at an equinox, during the sun's transit into a new zodiac sign, and during the vyatīpāta (an inauspicious astrological conjunction).

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

विशिष्टब्राह्मणप्राप्तौ (viśiṣṭabrāhmaṇaprāptau) - upon the availability of a qualified Brahmin (for a ritual like śrāddha) (upon obtaining a distinguished Brahmin, in the event of finding an excellent Brahmin)

सूर्येन्दुग्रहणे (sūryendugrahaṇe) - during a solar or lunar eclipse

अयने (ayane) - during the solstice, in the course of

विषुवे (viṣuve) - during the equinox, at the equinox

रविसंक्रान्तौ (ravisaṁkrāntau) - at the sun's transit, at the change of the sun's zodiac sign

व्यतिपाते (vyatipāte) - during the vyatīpāta (an inauspicious astrological conjunction) (during the vyatīpāta yoga, at the vyatīpāta)

च (ca) - and, also

पुत्रक (putraka) - O son, dear boy

Words meanings and morphology

विशिष्टब्राह्मणप्राप्तौ (viśiṣṭabrāhmaṇaprāptau) - upon the availability of a qualified Brahmin (for a ritual like śrāddha) (upon obtaining a distinguished Brahmin, in the event of finding an excellent Brahmin)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of viśiṣṭabrāhmaṇaprāpti

viśiṣṭabrāhmaṇaprāpti - obtaining a distinguished Brahmin, the arrival of a special Brahmin

Compound type : tatpurusha (viśiṣṭa+brāhmaṇa+prāpti)

viśiṣṭa – distinguished, special, specific, excellent
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
derived from root śiṣ with vi
Prefix: vi
Root: śiṣ (class 7)
brāhmaṇa – a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class
noun (masculine)
prāpti – obtaining, acquisition, arrival, gain
noun (feminine)
derived from root āp with pra
Prefix: pra
Root: āp (class 5)

सूर्येन्दुग्रहणे (sūryendugrahaṇe) - during a solar or lunar eclipse

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sūryendugrahaṇa

sūryendugrahaṇa - solar and lunar eclipse

Compound type : dvandva (sūrya+indu+grahaṇa)

sūrya – sun, solar deity
noun (masculine)
indu – moon, drop, spot
noun (masculine)
grahaṇa – taking, seizing, eclipse
noun (neuter)
derived from root grah
Root: grah (class 9)

Note: This is an instance of a dvandva compound where 'grahaṇa' applies to both 'sūrya' and 'indu', meaning 'solar eclipse and lunar eclipse'.

अयने (ayane) - during the solstice, in the course of

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ayana

ayana - course, path, solstice (southern or northern apparent path of the sun)

derived from root i (to go)

Root: i (class 2)

विषुवे (viṣuve) - during the equinox, at the equinox

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of viṣuva

viṣuva - equinox, equal day and night

रविसंक्रान्तौ (ravisaṁkrāntau) - at the sun's transit, at the change of the sun's zodiac sign

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of ravisaṃkrānti

ravisaṁkrānti - sun's transit (into a new zodiac sign), solar ingress

Compound type : tatpurusha (ravi+saṃkrānti)

ravi – sun, sun god
noun (masculine)
saṃkrānti – transit, passage, transition, change of zodiac sign
noun (feminine)
derived from root kram with sam
Prefix: sam
Root: kram (class 1)

व्यतिपाते (vyatipāte) - during the vyatīpāta (an inauspicious astrological conjunction) (during the vyatīpāta yoga, at the vyatīpāta)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyatipāta

vyatipāta - falling, adverse occurrence, misfortune, a particular astrological yoga

derived from root pat with vi and ati

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पुत्रक (putraka) - O son, dear boy

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putraka