मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-31, verse-36
तथापराह्नः पूर्वाह्नात् पितॄणामतिरित्यते ।
संपूज्य स्वागतेनैतानभ्युपेतान् गृहे द्विजान् ॥३६॥
संपूज्य स्वागतेनैतानभ्युपेतान् गृहे द्विजान् ॥३६॥
36. tathāparāhnaḥ pūrvāhnāt pitṝṇāmatirityate .
saṃpūjya svāgatenaitānabhyupetān gṛhe dvijān.
saṃpūjya svāgatenaitānabhyupetān gṛhe dvijān.
36.
tathā aparāhnaḥ pūrvāhnāt pitṝṇām ati iryate
saṃpūjya svāgatena etān abhyupetān gṛhe dvijān
saṃpūjya svāgatena etān abhyupetān gṛhe dvijān
36.
Similarly, for the ancestors (pitaraḥ), the afternoon is preferred over the forenoon. Therefore, one should honor these Brahmins (dvija) who have arrived at the house, by offering them a welcoming reception.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly
- अपराह्नः (aparāhnaḥ) - afternoon
- पूर्वाह्नात् (pūrvāhnāt) - from the forenoon, than the morning
- पितॄणाम् (pitṝṇām) - of the fathers, of the ancestors (pitaraḥ)
- अति (ati) - beyond, over, exceedingly
- इर्यते (iryate) - is surpassed, is preferred, excels (is moved, goes; is surpassed)
- संपूज्य (saṁpūjya) - having honored, having worshipped
- स्वागतेन (svāgatena) - with a welcome, by means of a greeting
- एतान् (etān) - these
- अभ्युपेतान् (abhyupetān) - those who have arrived [for the ritual/alms] (those who have approached, arrived)
- गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home
- द्विजान् (dvijān) - Brahmins (dvija), the twice-born
Words meanings and morphology
तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly
(indeclinable)
Adverb of manner.
अपराह्नः (aparāhnaḥ) - afternoon
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aparāhna
aparāhna - afternoon, latter part of the day
Compound of apara (later, other) and ahna (day).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (apara+ahan)
- apara – later, other, posterior
adjective (masculine) - ahan – day
noun (neuter)
Note: Subject of the verb 'atirityate'.
पूर्वाह्नात् (pūrvāhnāt) - from the forenoon, than the morning
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of pūrvāhna
pūrvāhna - forenoon, morning, earlier part of the day
Compound of pūrva (earlier, former) and ahna (day).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+ahan)
- pūrva – former, earlier, prior
adjective (masculine) - ahan – day
noun (neuter)
Note: Used in comparison with 'aparāhnaḥ'.
पितॄणाम् (pitṝṇām) - of the fathers, of the ancestors (pitaraḥ)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of pitṛ
pitṛ - father, ancestor
Note: Indicates for whom the preference is valid.
अति (ati) - beyond, over, exceedingly
(indeclinable)
Preverb/prefix.
इर्यते (iryate) - is surpassed, is preferred, excels (is moved, goes; is surpassed)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of īr
Present Passive
Root īr (to move, excite). Here used with prefix ati to mean 'to surpass'. 3rd person singular.
Root: īr (class 2)
संपूज्य (saṁpūjya) - having honored, having worshipped
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Derived from root pūj (to honor, worship) with prefix sam.
Prefix: sam
Root: pūj (class 10)
स्वागतेन (svāgatena) - with a welcome, by means of a greeting
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of svāgata
svāgata - welcome, hospitable reception
Compound of su (good) + āgata (arrived), also means 'welcome!'. Here as a noun meaning 'a good arrival/welcome'.
Prefix: su
Root: gam (class 1)
एतान् (etān) - these
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Object of 'saṃpūjya'.
अभ्युपेतान् (abhyupetān) - those who have arrived [for the ritual/alms] (those who have approached, arrived)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of abhyupeta
abhyupeta - approached, arrived, come near
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root i (to go) with prefixes abhi and upa.
Prefixes: abhi+upa
Root: i (class 2)
गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of gṛha
gṛha - house, home, dwelling
द्विजान् (dvijān) - Brahmins (dvija), the twice-born
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of dvija
dvija - twice-born (epithet for Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; also bird, tooth)
Tatpuruṣa compound of dvi (two) and ja (born). Refers to those who have undergone the upanayana (sacred thread) ceremony.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two
numeral - ja – born, produced from
adjective (masculine)
Derived from root jan (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Object of 'saṃpūjya'.