मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-31, verse-43
अपसव्यं पितॄणाञ्च सर्वमेवोपकल्पयेत् ।
दर्भांश्च द्विगुणान् दत्त्वा तेभ्योऽनुज्ञामवाप्य च ॥४३॥
दर्भांश्च द्विगुणान् दत्त्वा तेभ्योऽनुज्ञामवाप्य च ॥४३॥
43. apasavyaṃ pitṝṇāñca sarvamevopakalpayet .
darbhāṃśca dviguṇān dattvā tebhyo'nujñāmavāpya ca.
darbhāṃśca dviguṇān dattvā tebhyo'nujñāmavāpya ca.
43.
apasavyam pitṝṇām ca sarvam eva upakalpayet darbhān
ca dviguṇān dattvā tebhyaḥ anujñām avāpya ca
ca dviguṇān dattvā tebhyaḥ anujñām avāpya ca
43.
And for the ancestors (pitṛs), one should arrange all these things in the counter-clockwise manner, and having offered double strands of darbha grass, and having obtained their permission.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अपसव्यम् (apasavyam) - in the counter-clockwise manner (as is proper for ancestral rites) (counter-clockwise, leftwards)
- पितॄणाम् (pitṝṇām) - for the ancestors (pitṛs) (of the ancestors, of the fathers)
- च (ca) - and
- सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (these things previously mentioned) (all, every, whole)
- एव (eva) - indeed, only (emphasizing 'all') (indeed, just, only, exactly)
- उपकल्पयेत् (upakalpayet) - he should arrange/provide (he should arrange, prepare, provide)
- दर्भान् (darbhān) - strands of Darbha grass (Darbha grasses)
- च (ca) - and
- द्विगुणान् (dviguṇān) - double (strands) (twofold, double, twice)
- दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having offered (having given)
- तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from them (the ancestors) (to them, for them)
- अनुज्ञाम् (anujñām) - permission (permission, assent)
- अवाप्य (avāpya) - having obtained (having obtained, having gained)
- च (ca) - and
Words meanings and morphology
अपसव्यम् (apasavyam) - in the counter-clockwise manner (as is proper for ancestral rites) (counter-clockwise, leftwards)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of apasavya
apasavya - left, reverse, opposite of pradakṣiṇa (clockwise circumambulation), relating to the ancestors
From apa + savya (left).
Note: Indicates the direction of ritual action.
पितॄणाम् (pitṝṇām) - for the ancestors (pitṛs) (of the ancestors, of the fathers)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of pitṛ
pitṛ - father, ancestor, progenitor; a class of deceased ancestors
Note: Genitive indicating relation 'for the ancestors'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (these things previously mentioned) (all, every, whole)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, complete
Note: Object of upakalpayet.
एव (eva) - indeed, only (emphasizing 'all') (indeed, just, only, exactly)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
उपकल्पयेत् (upakalpayet) - he should arrange/provide (he should arrange, prepare, provide)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of upakḷp
optative mood, active voice (causative stem)
3rd person singular, optative, active voice, from causative stem of KḶP with upasarga UPA.
Prefix: upa
Root: kḷp (class 10)
Note: Main verb of the sentence.
दर्भान् (darbhān) - strands of Darbha grass (Darbha grasses)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of darbha
darbha - Darbha grass (Poa cynosuroides), sacred grass
Root: dṛbh (class 6)
Note: Object of dattvā.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
द्विगुणान् (dviguṇān) - double (strands) (twofold, double, twice)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of dviguṇa
dviguṇa - twofold, double, twice as much
From dvi (two) + guṇa (strand, quality).
Compound type : dvigu (dvi+guṇa)
- dvi – two, twice
numeral - guṇa – quality, attribute, strand, thread
noun (masculine)
Note: Qualifies darbhān.
दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having offered (having given)
(indeclinable)
absolutive / gerund
Formed with suffix -tvā.
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Absolutive verb, indicating a completed action.
तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from them (the ancestors) (to them, for them)
(pronoun)
Dative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Dative plural of tad.
अनुज्ञाम् (anujñām) - permission (permission, assent)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of anujñā
anujñā - permission, consent, assent, leave
From anu + jñā (to know, perceive).
Prefix: anu
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Object of avāpya.
अवाप्य (avāpya) - having obtained (having obtained, having gained)
(indeclinable)
absolutive / gerund
From ava + āp (to obtain). Formed with suffix -ya after upasarga.
Prefix: ava
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: Absolutive verb, indicating a completed action.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.