महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-42, verse-8

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विजयं तु धनुःश्रेष्ठं विधुन्वानो महारथः ।
पार्षतस्य धनुश्छित्त्वा शरानाशीविषोपमान् ।
ताडयामास संक्रुद्धः पार्षतं नवभिः शरैः ॥८॥

8. vijayaṁ tu dhanuḥśreṣṭhaṁ vidhunvāno mahārathaḥ ,
pārṣatasya dhanuśchittvā śarānāśīviṣopamān ,
tāḍayāmāsa saṁkruddhaḥ pārṣataṁ navabhiḥ śaraiḥ.

8. vijayam tu dhanuḥśreṣṭham vidhunvānaḥ
mahārathaḥ pārṣatasya dhanuḥ
chittvā śarān āśīviṣopamān tāḍayāmāsa
saṃkruddhaḥ pārṣatam navabhiḥ śaraiḥ

8. tu saṃkruddhaḥ mahārathaḥ vijayam dhanuḥśreṣṭham vidhunvānaḥ pārṣatasya dhanuḥ chittvā,
(tataḥ) āśīviṣopamān navabhiḥ śaraiḥ pārṣatam tāḍayāmāsa

8. But that great charioteer (Karna), wielding his excellent bow named Vijaya, and greatly enraged, first broke the bow of Pṛṣata's son (Dhṛṣṭadyumna), and then struck Pṛṣata's son with nine arrows that were like venomous snakes.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

विजयम् (vijayam) - the bow named Vijaya (victory; Arjuna's bow "Vijaya")

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

धनुःश्रेष्ठम् (dhanuḥśreṣṭham) - his excellent bow (excellent bow, best of bows)

विधुन्वानः (vidhunvānaḥ) - wielding (shaking, wielding, trembling)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - the great charioteer (Karna) (great charioteers, mighty warriors)

पार्षतस्य (pārṣatasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna (of Pṛṣata's son (Dhṛṣṭadyumna))

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having broken (having cut, having broken, having pierced)

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

आशीविषोपमान् (āśīviṣopamān) - like venomous snakes (like venomous snakes, resembling poisonous serpents)

ताडयामास (tāḍayāmāsa) - struck (struck, hit, beat)

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (greatly enraged, furious)

पार्षतम् (pārṣatam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Pṛṣata's son (Dhṛṣṭadyumna))

नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - with nine

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by/with arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

विजयम् (vijayam) - the bow named Vijaya (victory; Arjuna's bow "Vijaya")

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph; name of Arjuna's bow

Derived from root `ji` (to conquer) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: This is an attribute of the bow. Arjuna's bow is famously named Vijaya. Karna also has a bow of this name. Context implies it is Karna's bow here.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

धनुःश्रेष्ठम् (dhanuḥśreṣṭham) - his excellent bow (excellent bow, best of bows)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanuḥśreṣṭha

dhanuḥśreṣṭha - best of bows, excellent bow

Tatpuruṣa compound: `dhanuḥ` (bow) + `śreṣṭha` (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanus+śreṣṭha)

dhanus – bow
noun (neuter)
śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, supreme
adjective (neuter)
Superlative of `praśasya` (praiseworthy).

Note: Qualifies "Vijaya".

विधुन्वानः (vidhunvānaḥ) - wielding (shaking, wielding, trembling)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhunvāna

vidhunvāna - shaking, wielding, trembling, causing to tremble

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root `dhū` (to shake) with prefix `vi` and suffix `śānac` (active participle, middle voice).

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Qualifies `mahārathaḥ`.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - the great charioteer (Karna) (great charioteers, mighty warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `ratha` (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

mahā – great, mighty
adjective (feminine)
Feminine form of mahat, used as first part of compound.
ratha – chariot, war-chariot, warrior (often by extension)
noun (masculine)
From root `ram` (to rejoice) with `tha` suffix.
Root: ram (class 1)

पार्षतस्य (pārṣatasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna (of Pṛṣata's son (Dhṛṣṭadyumna))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pārṣata

pārṣata - son of Pṛṣata, i.e., Drupada or Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Derived from `pṛṣata` (name of a king) with suffix `aṇ` (patronymic). Here refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna, son of Drupada, whose lineage is often traced back to Pṛṣata.

Note: Patronymic for Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Drupada, who was son of Pṛṣata).

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Could also be nominative singular. Here, object of `chittvā`.

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having broken (having cut, having broken, having pierced)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root `chid` (to cut) with suffix `ktvā` (absolutive).

Root: chid (class 7)

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Object of `tāḍayāmāsa`.

आशीविषोपमान् (āśīviṣopamān) - like venomous snakes (like venomous snakes, resembling poisonous serpents)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āśīviṣopama

āśīviṣopama - resembling a venomous snake

Compound of `āśīviṣa` (venomous snake) and `upama` (like, resembling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āśīviṣa+upama)

āśīviṣa – venomous snake, poisonous serpent
noun (masculine)
Literally 'one whose poison is in its fangs' (āśīḥ = fang, viṣa = poison).
upama – like, resembling, equal to
adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `śarān`.

ताडयामास (tāḍayāmāsa) - struck (struck, hit, beat)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of tāḍ

Perfect tense, third person singular

Periphrastic perfect using `āmāsa` with root `tāḍ` (class 10, causal form of `taḍ`).

Root: taḍ (class 10)

Note: Periphrastic perfect with `āmāsa`.

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (greatly enraged, furious)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - enraged, greatly angry, furious