महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-42, verse-50

क्रोधितस्तु रणे पार्थो नाराचं कालसंमितम् ।
द्रोणपुत्राय चिक्षेप कालदण्डमिवापरम् ।
स ब्राह्मणस्यांसदेशे निपपात महाद्युतिः ॥५०॥

50. krodhitastu raṇe pārtho nārācaṁ kālasaṁmitam ,
droṇaputrāya cikṣepa kāladaṇḍamivāparam ,
sa brāhmaṇasyāṁsadeśe nipapāta mahādyutiḥ.

50. krodhitaḥ tu raṇe pārthaḥ nārācam
kālasammitam droṇaputrāya cikṣepa
kāladaṇḍam iva aparam saḥ
brāhmaṇasya aṃsadeśe nipapāta mahādyutiḥ

50. But enraged in battle, Arjuna, son of Pṛthā, discharged an iron arrow at Drona's son (Aśvatthāmā). It was comparable to Kala (Death) itself, like another staff of Death. That exceedingly brilliant (arrow) struck the shoulder region of the Brahmin (Aśvatthāmā).

Words meanings summery:

• क्रोधितः (krodhitaḥ) - enraged, angered

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

• नाराचम् (nārācam) - an iron arrow, an arrow

• कालसम्मितम् (kālasammitam) - comparable to Kala (Death/Time), like death

• द्रोणपुत्राय (droṇaputrāya) - at/to Drona's son, Aśvatthāmā

• चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - discharged, threw, hurled

• कालदण्डम् (kāladaṇḍam) - the staff of Death

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अपरम् (aparam) - another, other

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the arrow (nārāca) mentioned earlier. (that, he)

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - Refers to Aśvatthāmā, who was a Brahmin by birth. (of the Brahmin)

• अंसदेशे (aṁsadeśe) - on the shoulder region

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down, struck

• महाद्युतिः (mahādyutiḥ) - Refers to the arrow. (very radiant, very brilliant, exceedingly splendid)

Words meanings and morphology

क्रोधितः (krodhitaḥ) - enraged, angered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodhita

krodhita - enraged, angry

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √krudh (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); a name for Arjuna

नाराचम् (nārācam) - an iron arrow, an arrow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nārāca

nārāca - iron arrow, arrow

कालसम्मितम् (kālasammitam) - comparable to Kala (Death/Time), like death

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālasammita

kālasammita - measured by time; comparable to or resembling Kala (Death/Time)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāla+sammita)

• kāla – time; death; the god of death (Kala)
  noun (masculine)
• sammita – measured, compared, equal to, similar to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √mā (to measure) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: mā (class 3)

द्रोणपुत्राय (droṇaputrāya) - at/to Drona's son, Aśvatthāmā

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a teacher and warrior)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - discharged, threw, hurled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of kṣip

Root: kṣip (class 6)

कालदण्डम् (kāladaṇḍam) - the staff of Death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāladaṇḍa

kāladaṇḍa - staff of Death, mace of Yama (god of death)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kāla+daṇḍa)

• kāla – time; death; the god of death (Kala)
  noun (masculine)
• daṇḍa – staff, rod, mace
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

अपरम् (aparam) - another, other

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the arrow (nārāca) mentioned earlier. (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - Refers to Aśvatthāmā, who was a Brahmin by birth. (of the Brahmin)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

अंसदेशे (aṁsadeśe) - on the shoulder region

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aṃsadeśa

aṁsadeśa - shoulder region, part of the shoulder

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aṃsa+deśa)

• aṃsa – shoulder, part
  noun (masculine)
• deśa – place, region, part
  noun (masculine)

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

महाद्युतिः (mahādyutiḥ) - Refers to the arrow. (very radiant, very brilliant, exceedingly splendid)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādyuti

mahādyuti - of great splendor/radiance, exceedingly brilliant

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+dyuti)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• dyuti – splendor, radiance, brilliance
  noun (feminine)