महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-42, verse-51

स विह्वलो महाराज शरवेगेन संयुगे ।
निषसाद रथोपस्थे वैक्लव्यं च परं ययौ ॥५१॥

51. sa vihvalo mahārāja śaravegena saṁyuge ,
niṣasāda rathopasthe vaiklavyaṁ ca paraṁ yayau.

51. saḥ vihvalaḥ mahārāja śaravegena saṃyuge
niṣasāda rathopasthe vaiklavyam ca param yayau

51. O great king, agitated by the force of the arrow in battle, he (Aśvatthāmā) slumped into his chariot's seat and became exceedingly distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Aśvatthāmā. (he)

• विह्वलः (vihvalaḥ) - distraught, agitated, bewildered

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Used in the vocative to address Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O great king)

• शरवेगेन (śaravegena) - by the force/speed of the arrow

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sat down, slumped down

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot's seat, on the forepart of the chariot

• वैक्लव्यम् (vaiklavyam) - distress, agitation, confusion

• च (ca) - and

• परम् (param) - supreme, great, highest

• ययौ (yayau) - attained, went, reached

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Aśvatthāmā. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

विह्वलः (vihvalaḥ) - distraught, agitated, bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihvala

vihvala - agitated, bewildered, confused, distraught

महाराज (mahārāja) - Used in the vocative to address Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

शरवेगेन (śaravegena) - by the force/speed of the arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śaravega

śaravega - arrow's speed/force, impact of an arrow

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śara+vega)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, war

निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sat down, slumped down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of sad

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot's seat, on the forepart of the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - forepart of a chariot, chariot seat

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – lap, seat, forepart
  noun (masculine)

वैक्लव्यम् (vaiklavyam) - distress, agitation, confusion

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaiklavya

vaiklavya - agitation, bewilderment, distress, confusion

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - supreme, great, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - highest, supreme, excellent, extreme

ययौ (yayau) - attained, went, reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)