महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-42, verse-6

तमासाद्य तु ते कर्णं व्यशीर्यन्त महारथाः ।
यथाचलं समासाद्य जलौघाः सर्वतोदिशम् ।
तयोरासीन्महाराज संग्रामो लोमहर्षणः ॥६॥

6. tamāsādya tu te karṇaṁ vyaśīryanta mahārathāḥ ,
yathācalaṁ samāsādya jalaughāḥ sarvatodiśam ,
tayorāsīnmahārāja saṁgrāmo lomaharṣaṇaḥ.

6. tam āsādya tu te karṇam vyaśīryanta
mahārathāḥ yathā acalam samāsādya
jalaughāḥ sarvataḥ diśam tayoḥ
āsīt mahārāja saṃgrāmaḥ lomaharṣaṇaḥ

6. mahārāja tu te mahārathāḥ tam karṇam āsādya vyaśīryanta,
yathā sarvataḥ diśam acalam samāsādya jalaughāḥ (api) vyaśīryanta.
tayoḥ lomaharṣaṇaḥ saṃgrāmaḥ āsīt.

6. But upon approaching Karna, those great charioteers were shattered, just as torrents of water from all directions are scattered after reaching a mountain. O great king, the battle between those two was hair-raising.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Karna) (him, that)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - upon approaching (having reached, approaching, obtaining)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• ते (te) - those (great charioteers) (they, those)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (Karna, ear)

• व्यशीर्यन्त (vyaśīryanta) - were shattered (were shattered, scattered, fell apart)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers (great charioteers, mighty warriors)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

• अचलम् (acalam) - a mountain (a mountain, unmoving)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - upon reaching (having completely reached, having approached, obtaining)

• जलौघाः (jalaughāḥ) - torrents of water (floods of water, torrents)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all directions (from all sides, from everywhere)

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction (part of "from all directions") (direction, quarter)

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - between those two (Karna and the opposing forces/leader) (of those two, between those two)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (was, existed)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

• संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle (battle, war)

• लोमहर्षणः (lomaharṣaṇaḥ) - hair-raising (hair-raising, thrilling, terrifying)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Karna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

आसाद्य (āsādya) - upon approaching (having reached, approaching, obtaining)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root `sad` (to sit, go) with prefix `ā` and suffix `lyap` (absolutive).

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (great charioteers) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (Karna, ear)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a warrior), ear

व्यशीर्यन्त (vyaśīryanta) - were shattered (were shattered, scattered, fell apart)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of śīr

Imperfect tense, third person plural (middle voice)

Derived from root `śṝ` (to break, crush) with prefix `vi` and middle voice ending.

Prefix: vi

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: From vi-śṝ, to scatter, to fall asunder.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers (great charioteers, mighty warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `ratha` (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of mahat, used as first part of compound
• ratha – chariot, war-chariot, warrior (often by extension)
  noun (masculine)
  From root `ram` (to rejoice) with `tha` suffix.
  Root: ram (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

(indeclinable)

अचलम् (acalam) - a mountain (a mountain, unmoving)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acala

acala - immovable, steady (adj.); mountain, rock (n.)

Compound of `a` (not) and `cala` (moving).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• cala – moving, shaking, unsteady
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `cal` (to move).
  Root: cal (class 1)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - upon reaching (having completely reached, having approached, obtaining)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root `sad` (to sit, go) with prefixes `sam` and `ā` and suffix `lyap` (absolutive).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

जलौघाः (jalaughāḥ) - torrents of water (floods of water, torrents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jalaugha

jalaugha - flood of water, torrent

Compound of `jala` (water) and `ogha` (flood, torrent).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+ogha)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• ogha – flood, torrent, stream, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `vah` (to carry) with prefix `ava` and `ghañ`. `ava + vah -> ogha`.
  Root: vah (class 1)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all directions (from all sides, from everywhere)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `sarva` (all) with suffix `tas` (from).

दिशम् (diśam) - direction (part of "from all directions") (direction, quarter)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Note: This is an adverbial accusative, indicating "towards directions". Paired with `sarvataḥ` it means "from all directions".

तयोः (tayoḥ) - between those two (Karna and the opposing forces/leader) (of those two, between those two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that

Note: Also locative dual. Here, genitive is more fitting "of those two".

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, third person singular

Root: as (class 2)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `rāja` (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of mahat, used as first part of compound.
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used here in vocative as an address.

संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle (battle, war)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict

From `sam` + `grām` (to fight).

Prefix: sam

Root: grām (class 1)

लोमहर्षणः (lomaharṣaṇaḥ) - hair-raising (hair-raising, thrilling, terrifying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - hair-raising, thrilling, causing horripilation

Compound of `loman` (hair) and `harṣaṇa` (causing excitement/bristling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair (of the body), down, wool
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – exciting, thrilling, causing horripilation
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root
  Derived from root `hr̥ṣ` (to be excited, rejoice) with suffix `lyuṭ`.
  Root: hr̥ṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `saṃgrāmaḥ`.