महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-42, verse-36

द्रौणिस्तदपि राजेन्द्र भल्लैः क्षिप्रं महारथः ।
चिच्छेद समरे वीरः क्षिप्रहस्तो दृढायुधः ।
रथादनवरूढस्य तदद्भुतमिवाभवत् ॥३६॥

36. drauṇistadapi rājendra bhallaiḥ kṣipraṁ mahārathaḥ ,
ciccheda samare vīraḥ kṣiprahasto dṛḍhāyudhaḥ ,
rathādanavarūḍhasya tadadbhutamivābhavat.

36. drauṇiḥ tat api rājendra bhallaiḥ
kṣipram mahārathaḥ ciccheda samare vīraḥ
kṣiprahastaḥ dṛḍhāyudhaḥ | rathāt
anavarūḍhasya tat adbhutam iva abhavat

36. rājendra,
drauṇiḥ mahārathaḥ vīraḥ kṣiprahastaḥ dṛḍhāyudhaḥ (san),
samare tat api bhallaiḥ kṣipram ciccheda rathāt anavarūḍhasya tat adbhutam iva abhavat

36. O King (Rājendra), the heroic great warrior (mahāratha) Drauṇi, swift-handed and firm in his weapon, quickly cut even that sword in battle with broad-headed arrows (bhallaiḥ). That deed was truly astonishing, especially since it was done while (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) had not yet dismounted from his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drauṇi, Drona's son

• तत् (tat) - that (sword) (that)

• अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the difficulty of cutting a sword) (also, even, too)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with broad-headed arrows

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior (mahāratha) (great warrior, commander of many chariots)

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he broke

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave, valorous

• क्षिप्रहस्तः (kṣiprahastaḥ) - quick-handed, swift with hands

• दृढायुधः (dṛḍhāyudhaḥ) - firm in weapons, whose weapon is firm

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• अनवरूढस्य (anavarūḍhasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna, who had not dismounted (from his chariot) (of the one who had not dismounted, not descended)

• तत् (tat) - that (deed/event) (that)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, marvelous, astonishing

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it was, it became, it happened

Words meanings and morphology

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drauṇi, Drona's son

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - Son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

Patronymic from Droṇa

Note: Subject of 'ciccheda'.

तत् (tat) - that (sword) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'ciccheda'.

अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the difficulty of cutting a sword) (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, chief of kings, emperor

Compound

Compound type : Tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• indra – lord, chief, the god Indra
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with broad-headed arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhalla

bhalla - broad-headed arrow, kind of arrow

Note: Means by which Drauṇi cut the sword.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

From root kṣip (to throw, cast)

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Modifies the verb 'ciccheda'.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior (mahāratha) (great warrior, commander of many chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior (literally 'having a great chariot' or 'commanding many chariots')

Compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  From root 'mah' (to be great)
  Root: mah (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Epithet describing Drauṇi.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he broke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of chid

Perfect active

Root reduplication for perfect tense

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Verb for Drauṇi's action.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From sam- √ṛ (to go)

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Location of the action.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave, valorous

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, valorous

Note: Epithet describing Drauṇi.

क्षिप्रहस्तः (kṣiprahastaḥ) - quick-handed, swift with hands

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣiprahasta

kṣiprahasta - swift-handed, quick at shooting arrows

Compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (kṣipra+hasta)

• kṣipra – quick, swift, rapid
  adjective (masculine)
  From root kṣip (to throw, cast)
  Root: kṣip (class 6)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet describing Drauṇi.

दृढायुधः (dṛḍhāyudhaḥ) - firm in weapons, whose weapon is firm

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛḍhāyudha

dṛḍhāyudha - firm in weapons, having a firm weapon

Compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dṛḍha+āyudha)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dṛh (to be firm)
  Root: dṛh (class 1)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)
  From root yudh (to fight) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Epithet describing Drauṇi.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root ram (to enjoy) or rādh (to succeed)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Indicates the starting point for 'anavarūḍhasya'.

अनवरूढस्य (anavarūḍhasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna, who had not dismounted (from his chariot) (of the one who had not dismounted, not descended)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anavarūḍha

anavarūḍha - not dismounted, not descended

Past Passive Participle (negative)

From root 'ruh' with prefixes 'ava' and 'a- (negation)', forming a past passive participle.

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+avarūḍha)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• avarūḍha – dismounted, descended
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ruh' with prefix 'ava'.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna, indicating his state.

तत् (tat) - that (deed/event) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, marvelous, astonishing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, marvelous, astonishing, miraculous

Note: Describes 'tat'.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

Note: Indicates comparison.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it was, it became, it happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active

Root 'bhū', imperfect tense (a-augment + -at suffix).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Verb of existence/occurrence for the wonderful event.