महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-42, verse-54

अथोत्क्रुष्टं महाराज पाञ्चालैर्जितकाशिभिः ।
मोक्षितं पार्षतं दृष्ट्वा द्रोणपुत्रं च पीडितम् ॥५४॥

54. athotkruṣṭaṁ mahārāja pāñcālairjitakāśibhiḥ ,
mokṣitaṁ pārṣataṁ dṛṣṭvā droṇaputraṁ ca pīḍitam.

54. atha utkruṣṭam mahārāja pāñcālaiḥ jitakāśibhiḥ
mokṣitam pārṣatam dṛṣṭvā droṇaputram ca pīḍitam

54. mahārāja,
atha pāñcālaiḥ jitakāśibhiḥ mokṣitam pārṣatam ca pīḍitam droṇaputram dṛṣṭvā utkruṣṭam

54. O great king, then a shout was raised by the victorious Pañcālas, having seen Dhṛṣṭadyumna released and Aśvatthāmā afflicted.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• उत्क्रुष्टम् (utkruṣṭam) - a shout, a cry, a loud noise

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• पाञ्चालैः (pāñcālaiḥ) - by the Pañcālas (people of the Pañcāla kingdom)

• जितकाशिभिः (jitakāśibhiḥ) - victorious (shining with victory, victorious)

• मोक्षितम् (mokṣitam) - released, liberated, freed

• पार्षतम् (pārṣatam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Pṛṣata))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived, having noticed

• द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - Aśvatthāmā (Drona's son, Aśvatthāmā)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - afflicted (tormented, distressed, afflicted, harassed)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

उत्क्रुष्टम् (utkruṣṭam) - a shout, a cry, a loud noise

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of utkruṣṭa

utkruṣṭa - a shout, a cry, a loud noise, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kruś (to cry, to shout) with upasarga ut

Prefix: ut

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'was heard' or 'was raised'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor, sovereign

Compound of mahā (great) and rājan (king)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty, excellent
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler, prince
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पाञ्चालैः (pāñcālaiḥ) - by the Pañcālas (people of the Pañcāla kingdom)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a native or ruler of Pañcāla; the Pañcālas (an ancient Indian kingdom/people)

Note: Agent of the shouting (utkruṣṭam).

जितकाशिभिः (jitakāśibhiḥ) - victorious (shining with victory, victorious)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jitakāśin

jitakāśin - shining with victory, victorious, radiant with conquest

Compound of jita (conquered/victory) and kāśin (shining)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+kāśin)

• jita – conquered, won, victory
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• kāśin – shining, bright, appearing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root kāś (to shine)
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with pāñcālaiḥ.

मोक्षितम् (mokṣitam) - released, liberated, freed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mokṣita

mokṣita - released, liberated, freed, caused to be free

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from root muc (to free) in its causative form (mokṣayati)

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Agrees with pārṣatam. Object of dṛṣṭvā.

पार्षतम् (pārṣatam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Pṛṣata))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārṣata

pārṣata - son of Pṛṣata; Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Patronymic from Pṛṣata

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived, having noticed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates the action preceding the main verb (implied 'was raised').

द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - Aśvatthāmā (Drona's son, Aśvatthāmā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Drona, Aśvatthāmā

Compound meaning 'Drona's son'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Drona (a proper name, the teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā. Refers to Aśvatthāmā.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'Pārṣata' and 'Drona's son'.

पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - afflicted (tormented, distressed, afflicted, harassed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - tormented, distressed, afflicted, oppressed, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pīḍ (to oppress, to torment)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with droṇaputram.