महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-42, verse-37

धृष्टद्युम्नं तु विरथं हताश्वं छिन्नकार्मुकम् ।
शरैश्च बहुधा विद्धमस्त्रैश्च शकलीकृतम् ।
नातरद्भरतश्रेष्ठ यतमानो महारथः ॥३७॥

37. dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ tu virathaṁ hatāśvaṁ chinnakārmukam ,
śaraiśca bahudhā viddhamastraiśca śakalīkṛtam ,
nātaradbharataśreṣṭha yatamāno mahārathaḥ.

37. dhṛṣṭadyumnaṃ tu viratham hatāśvam
chinnakārmukam śaraiḥ ca bahudhā viddham
astraiḥ ca śakalīkṛtam na atarat
bharataśreṣṭha yatyamānaḥ mahārathaḥ

37. bharataśreṣṭha mahārathaḥ yatyamānaḥ
tu dhṛṣṭadyumnaṃ viratham hatāśvam
chinnakārmukam śaraiḥ ca bahudhā
viddham astraiḥ ca śakalīkṛtam na atarat

37. O best among Bharatas, the great warrior (Aśvatthāmā), though striving, could not overcome Dhṛṣṭadyumna, who was without a chariot, whose horses had been slain, whose bow was broken, repeatedly pierced by arrows, and torn to pieces by weapons.

Words meanings summery:

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• विरथम् (viratham) - chariot-less, without a chariot

• हताश्वम् (hatāśvam) - whose horses were slain

• छिन्नकार्मुकम् (chinnakārmukam) - whose bow was broken

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• च (ca) - and

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, repeatedly

• विद्धम् (viddham) - pierced, wounded

• अस्त्रैः (astraiḥ) - by missiles, by weapons

• च (ca) - and

• शकलीकृतम् (śakalīkṛtam) - torn to pieces, shattered

• न (na) - not

• अतरत् (atarat) - he did not cross, he could not overcome

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best among Bharatas

• यत्यमानः (yatyamānaḥ) - striving, endeavoring, attempting

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Aśvatthāmā (great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot)

Words meanings and morphology

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a prominent warrior in the Mahābhārata, son of Drupada)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

विरथम् (viratham) - chariot-less, without a chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - chariot-less, deprived of a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – apart, away, without, negation
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Dhṛṣṭadyumna

हताश्वम् (hatāśvam) - whose horses were slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - whose horses are slain

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+aśva)

• hata – slain, killed, struck
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root हन् (han)
  Root: हन् (han) (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Dhṛṣṭadyumna

छिन्नकार्मुकम् (chinnakārmukam) - whose bow was broken

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of chinnakārmuka

chinnakārmuka - whose bow is broken

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+kārmuka)

• chinna – broken, cut, pierced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root छिद् (chid)
  Root: छिद् (chid) (class 7)
• kārmuka – bow, made of kārmuka wood
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Dhṛṣṭadyumna

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Suffix -dhā meaning 'in many parts/ways'

विद्धम् (viddham) - pierced, wounded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, struck, wounded

Past Passive Participle

From root व्यध् (vyadh), with irregular samprasaāraṇa

Root: व्यध् (vyadh) (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Dhṛṣṭadyumna

अस्त्रैः (astraiḥ) - by missiles, by weapons

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of astra

astra - missile, weapon

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शकलीकृतम् (śakalīkṛtam) - torn to pieces, shattered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakalīkṛta

śakalīkṛta - made into pieces, shattered, torn apart

Past Passive Participle

Derived from denominative verb śakalīkṛ- (to make into pieces) formed from śakala (piece) + कृ (kṛ)

Compound type : denominative compound participle (śakala+kṛta)

• śakala – piece, fragment
  noun (masculine)
• kṛta – made, done, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root कृ (kṛ)
  Root: कृ (kṛ) (class 8)

Note: Qualifies Dhṛṣṭadyumna

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अतरत् (atarat) - he did not cross, he could not overcome

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of tṛ

Root: तॄ (tṛ) (class 1)

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best among Bharatas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best among the Bharatas (a designation for a great warrior, often Arjuna or Yudhiṣṭhira)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – Bharata (an ancient king, ancestor of Kuru dynasty; descendant of Bharata)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, pre-eminent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree from śrī-

यत्यमानः (yatyamānaḥ) - striving, endeavoring, attempting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatyamāna

yatyamāna - striving, exerting oneself, making an effort

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root यत् (yat)

Root: यत् (yat) (class 1)

Note: Qualifies mahārathaḥ

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Aśvatthāmā (great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, a warrior fighting from a great chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Aśvatthāmā