महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-42, verse-53

तं तु हित्वा हतं वीरं सारथिः शत्रुकर्शनम् ।
अपोवाह रथेनाजौ त्वरमाणो रणाजिरात् ॥५३॥

53. taṁ tu hitvā hataṁ vīraṁ sārathiḥ śatrukarśanam ,
apovāha rathenājau tvaramāṇo raṇājirāt.

53. tam tu hitvā hatam vīram sārathiḥ śatrukarśanam
apa avāha rathena ājau tvaramāṇaḥ raṇājirāt

53. tu sārathiḥ tvaramāṇaḥ hatam vīram hitvā tam
śatrukarśanam rathena ājau raṇājirāt apa avāha

53. But the charioteer, having abandoned a slain hero, hastily carried away that tormentor of enemies from the battlefield in his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that, that one

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

• हतम् (hatam) - slain (slain, struck, wounded, destroyed)

• वीरम् (vīram) - hero, brave man, warrior

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

• शत्रुकर्शनम् (śatrukarśanam) - tormentor of enemies, subduer of enemies

• अप (apa) - away, off, back

• अवाह (avāha) - carried away (carried, bore away)

• रथेन (rathena) - in his chariot (by chariot, with a chariot)

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hastily (hurrying, hastening, quick)

• रणाजिरात् (raṇājirāt) - from the battlefield

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that, that one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person being carried away.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root hā (to abandon) with suffix -tvā

Root: hā (class 3)

हतम् (hatam) - slain (slain, struck, wounded, destroyed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, struck, wounded, destroyed, smitten

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, to kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with vīram. Object of hitvā.

वीरम् (vīram) - hero, brave man, warrior

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Object of hitvā, referring to another hero who was slain.

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Note: Subject of apovāha.

शत्रुकर्शनम् (śatrukarśanam) - tormentor of enemies, subduer of enemies

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatrukarśana

śatrukarśana - tormentor of enemies, subduer of enemies

Compound of śatru (enemy) and karśana (emaciating, tormenting)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+karśana)

• śatru – enemy, foe, rival
  noun (masculine)
• karśana – emaciating, tormenting, distressing, diminishing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun / action noun
  From root kṛś (to emaciate, to torment)
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam, referring to the person being carried away.

अप (apa) - away, off, back

(indeclinable)

Note: Upasarga for avāha.

अवाह (avāha) - carried away (carried, bore away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vah

imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person singular active parasmaipada of root vah (with upasarga apa)

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

रथेन (rathena) - in his chariot (by chariot, with a chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Note: Indicates the means of carrying away.

आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, combat, contest, race

Note: Indicates the general location or context of the action.

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hastily (hurrying, hastening, quick)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hurrying, hastening, quick, active

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root tvar (to hurry) with suffix -māna

Root: tvar (class 1)

रणाजिरात् (raṇājirāt) - from the battlefield

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of raṇājira

raṇājira - battlefield, field of combat

Compound of raṇa (battle) and ājira (courtyard, arena)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+ājira)

• raṇa – battle, fight, war
  noun (masculine)
• ājira – courtyard, arena, battlefield
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates origin of motion.