महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-42, verse-13

तमापतन्तं सहसा घोररूपं विशां पते ।
चिच्छेद सप्तधा राजञ्शैनेयः कृतहस्तवत् ॥१३॥

13. tamāpatantaṁ sahasā ghorarūpaṁ viśāṁ pate ,
ciccheda saptadhā rājañśaineyaḥ kṛtahastavat.

13. tam āpatantam sahasā ghorarūpam viśām pate
ciccheda saptadhā rājan śaineyaḥ kṛtahastavat

13. rājan viśām pate śaineyaḥ kṛtahastavat sahasā
āpatantam tam ghorarūpam saptadhā ciccheda

13. O King, O lord of the people, Śaineya, like an expert, swiftly cut that dreadful-looking (missile) which was approaching into seven parts.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (missile previously mentioned in context) (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - which was approaching (approaching, falling upon)

• सहसा (sahasā) - swiftly (suddenly, swiftly, forcefully)

• घोररूपम् (ghorarūpam) - dreadful-looking (of dreadful form, terrible-looking)

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people (of the people, of the subjects, of the Vaishyas)

• पते (pate) - O lord (O lord, O master)

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut (he cut, he pierced, he broke)

• सप्तधा (saptadhā) - into seven parts (in seven ways, into seven parts)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - Śaineya (Saatyaki) (Śaineya (son of Śini, a name for Saatyaki))

• कृतहस्तवत् (kṛtahastavat) - like an expert (like one skilled, like an expert)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (missile previously mentioned in context) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the missile being aimed at Śaineya.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - which was approaching (approaching, falling upon)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling upon, descending

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'pat' with upasarga 'ā', ending in -at

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (the missile).

सहसा (sahasā) - swiftly (suddenly, swiftly, forcefully)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form used as an adverb

Note: Adverb modifying the action of cutting.

घोररूपम् (ghorarūpam) - dreadful-looking (of dreadful form, terrible-looking)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghorarūpa

ghorarūpa - of dreadful form, terrible-looking, hideous

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ghora+rūpa)

• ghora – dreadful, terrible, fearful
  adjective
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (the missile).

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people (of the people, of the subjects, of the Vaishyas)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subject, inhabitant, Vaishya

Note: Forms part of the vocative address 'viśām pate'.

पते (pate) - O lord (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Vocative address to the king.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut (he cut, he pierced, he broke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of chid

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of √chid (7th class)

Root: chid (class 7)

सप्तधा (saptadhā) - into seven parts (in seven ways, into seven parts)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sapta' (seven) with the suffix '-dhā'

Note: Adverb modifying 'ciccheda'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Direct address to the narrator's audience (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - Śaineya (Saatyaki) (Śaineya (son of Śini, a name for Saatyaki))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaineya

śaineya - son of Śini; proper name (Saatyaki)

Patronymic from Śini

Note: Subject of the verb 'ciccheda'.

कृतहस्तवत् (kṛtahastavat) - like an expert (like one skilled, like an expert)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix '-vat' (like) on 'kṛtahasta' (one with skilled hands)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+hasta)

• kṛta – done, made, performed, skilled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial modifier, describing Śaineya's skill.