महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-42, verse-38

तस्यान्तमिषुभी राजन्यदा द्रौणिर्न जग्मिवान् ।
अथ त्यक्त्वा धनुर्वीरः पार्षतं त्वरितोऽन्वगात् ॥३८॥

38. tasyāntamiṣubhī rājanyadā drauṇirna jagmivān ,
atha tyaktvā dhanurvīraḥ pārṣataṁ tvarito'nvagāt.

38. tasya antam iṣubhiḥ rājan yadā drauṇiḥ na jagmivān |
atha tyaktvā dhanuḥ vīraḥ pārṣatam tvaritaḥ anvagāt

38. rājan,
yadā drauṇiḥ iṣubhiḥ tasya antam na jagmivān,
atha vīraḥ tvaritaḥ dhanuḥ tyaktvā pārṣatam anvagāt

38. O king, when Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāmā) could not bring about his (Dhṛṣṭadyumna's) end even with arrows, then that hero, quickly abandoning his bow, went after Pārṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna (his, of him, of that)

• अन्तम् (antam) - end, boundary, destruction

• इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - by arrows

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• यदा (yadā) - when

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāmā (Droṇa's son)

• न (na) - not

• जग्मिवान् (jagmivān) - had reached, had gone

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - Aśvatthāmā (hero, valiant one)

• पार्षतम् (pārṣatam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Pṛṣata, referring to Drupada, his grandfather) (Pārṣata)

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, quick, hastened

• अन्वगात् (anvagāt) - he followed, he went after

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अन्तम् (antam) - end, boundary, destruction

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, boundary, limit, death, destruction

इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of iṣu

iṣu - arrow

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāmā (Droṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

Patronymic from Droṇa

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

जग्मिवान् (jagmivān) - had reached, had gone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jagmivat

jagmivat - having gone, having reached

Perfect Active Participle

From root गम् (gam), perfect stem jagmi- with -vat suffix

Root: गम् (gam) (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root त्यज् (tyaj) with suffix -ktvā

Root: त्यज् (tyaj) (class 1)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

वीरः (vīraḥ) - Aśvatthāmā (hero, valiant one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty man, warrior

पार्षतम् (pārṣatam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Pṛṣata, referring to Drupada, his grandfather) (Pārṣata)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārṣata

pārṣata - descendant of Pṛṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

Patronymic from Pṛṣata

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, quick, hastened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - hastened, quick, swift, agile

Past Passive Participle

From root त्वर् (tvar)

Root: त्वर् (tvar) (class 1)

Note: Qualifies vīraḥ

अन्वगात् (anvagāt) - he followed, he went after

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Prefix: anu

Root: गम् (gam) (class 1)