महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-42, verse-28

एवमुक्त्वा महाराज सेनापतिरमर्षणः ।
निशितेनाथ बाणेन द्रौणिं विव्याध पार्षतः ॥२८॥

28. evamuktvā mahārāja senāpatiramarṣaṇaḥ ,
niśitenātha bāṇena drauṇiṁ vivyādha pārṣataḥ.

28. evam uktvā mahārāja senāpatiḥ amarṣaṇaḥ
niśitena atha bāṇena drauṇim vivyādha pārṣataḥ

28. mahārāja evam uktvā amarṣaṇaḥ senāpatiḥ
pārṣataḥ atha niśitena bāṇena drauṇim vivyādha

28. Having spoken thus, O great king, the indignant commander of the army, Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Pārṣata), then pierced Droṇi with a sharpened arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• सेनापतिः (senāpatiḥ) - commander of the army

• अमर्षणः (amarṣaṇaḥ) - indignant, furious, intolerant

• निशितेन (niśitena) - with a sharpened, keen

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - by an arrow, with an arrow

• द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Droṇi (Aśvatthāmā)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he wounded

• पार्षतः (pārṣataḥ) - the son of Pṛṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `vac` (to speak) with suffix `ktvā`.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates a preceding action.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

सेनापतिः (senāpatiḥ) - commander of the army

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of senāpati

senāpati - commander of an army, general

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (senā+pati)

• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, commander
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

अमर्षणः (amarṣaṇaḥ) - indignant, furious, intolerant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarṣaṇa

amarṣaṇa - indignant, irritable, intolerant, furious

Derived from `a-marṣa` (impatience, indignation). Negated form of `marṣaṇa`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+marṣaṇa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• marṣaṇa – forbearing, patient, enduring
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Participle/Gerundive
  From `mṛṣ` (to bear, endure).
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `senāpatiḥ` and `pārṣataḥ`.

निशितेन (niśitena) - with a sharpened, keen

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, whetted

Past Passive Participle

Root `śi` (to sharpen) with `ni` (down, thoroughly).

Prefix: ni

Root: śi (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `bāṇena`.

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

बाणेन (bāṇena) - by an arrow, with an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Means of action.

द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Droṇi (Aśvatthāmā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa, i.e., Aśvatthāmā

Patronymic from Droṇa.

Note: Object of `vivyādha`.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he wounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vyadh

Perfect Indicative

Root `vyadh` (4th class), Parasmaipada, perfect (liṭ) form.

Prefix: vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: The prefix `vi` is part of the root `vyadh` as an `upasarga`.

पार्षतः (pārṣataḥ) - the son of Pṛṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārṣata

pārṣata - son of Pṛṣata (an epithet of Drupada, father of Dhṛṣṭadyumna), i.e., Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Patronymic from Pṛṣata (an epithet of Drupada).

Note: Subject of `vivyādha`.