महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-98, verse-56

द्रोणस्तु त्वरितो युद्धे धृष्टद्युम्नस्य सारथेः ।
शिरः प्रच्यावयामास फलं पक्वं तरोरिव ।
ततस्ते प्रद्रुता वाहा राजंस्तस्य महात्मनः ॥५६॥

56. droṇastu tvarito yuddhe dhṛṣṭadyumnasya sāratheḥ ,
śiraḥ pracyāvayāmāsa phalaṁ pakvaṁ taroriva ,
tataste pradrutā vāhā rājaṁstasya mahātmanaḥ.

56. droṇaḥ tu tvaritaḥ yuddhe dhṛṣṭadyumnasya
sāratheḥ śiraḥ pracyāvayāmāsa
phalam pakvam taroḥ iva tataḥ te
pradrutāḥ vāhāḥ rājan tasya mahātmanaḥ

56. rājan,
yuddhe droṇaḥ tu tvaritaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnasya sāratheḥ śiraḥ pracyāvayāmāsa,
pakvam phalam taroḥ iva.
tataḥ tasya mahātmanaḥ te vāhāḥ pradrutāḥ.

56. Droṇa swiftly cut off the head of Dhṛṣṭadyumna's charioteer in battle, just as a ripe fruit falls from a tree. Then, O King, the horses of that great soul (ātman) fled.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - The preceptor Droṇa (Droṇa)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly moving (swift, quick, hurried)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war, in combat

• धृष्टद्युम्नस्य (dhṛṣṭadyumnasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna's charioteer (of the charioteer)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• प्रच्यावयामास (pracyāvayāmāsa) - severed (the head) (caused to fall, severed, threw down)

• फलम् (phalam) - a fruit (fruit, result, reward)

• पक्वम् (pakvam) - ripe (ripe, cooked, mature)

• तरोः (taroḥ) - from a tree, of a tree

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• ते (te) - they, those

• प्रद्रुताः (pradrutāḥ) - fled, scattered, ran away

• वाहाः (vāhāḥ) - horses (horses, carriers, vehicles)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (charioteer) (of him, of that)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of that great soul (ātman) (the charioteer) (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - The preceptor Droṇa (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (proper name); a type of measure; a container

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly moving (swift, quick, hurried)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - swift, quick, hurried; hastened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √tvar (to hurry) + -ita suffix

Root: tvar (class 1)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war, in combat

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √yudh (to fight) + -ta suffix, then nominalized

Root: yudh (class 4)

धृष्टद्युम्नस्य (dhṛṣṭadyumnasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name, son of Drupada)

सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna's charioteer (of the charioteer)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top

प्रच्यावयामास (pracyāvayāmāsa) - severed (the head) (caused to fall, severed, threw down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of pracyāvayāmāsa

Perfect Tense

Causative of √cyu (to move, fall) with pra- prefix, formed using 'ām' suffix with the perfect tense auxiliary 'āsa'

Prefix: pra

Root: cyu (class 1)

फलम् (phalam) - a fruit (fruit, result, reward)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

पक्वम् (pakvam) - ripe (ripe, cooked, mature)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pakva

pakva - ripe, cooked, mature

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √pac (to cook, ripen) + -kva suffix

Root: pac (class 1)

तरोः (taroḥ) - from a tree, of a tree

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of taru

taru - tree

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

प्रद्रुताः (pradrutāḥ) - fled, scattered, ran away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pradruta

pradruta - fled, scattered, ran away

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √dru (to run) with pra- prefix + -ta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

वाहाः (vāhāḥ) - horses (horses, carriers, vehicles)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāha

vāha - horse, carrier, vehicle

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

तस्य (tasya) - of that (charioteer) (of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of that great soul (ātman) (the charioteer) (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, eminent

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)