महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-98, verse-44

ततो हा हेति सहसा नादः समभवन्नृप ।
पाञ्चाल्येन रणे दृष्ट्वा द्रोणमावारितं शरैः ॥४४॥

44. tato hā heti sahasā nādaḥ samabhavannṛpa ,
pāñcālyena raṇe dṛṣṭvā droṇamāvāritaṁ śaraiḥ.

44. tataḥ hā heti sahasā nādaḥ samabhavat nṛpa
pāñcālyena raṇe dṛṣṭvā droṇam āvāritam śaraiḥ

44. nṛpa tataḥ pāñcālyena raṇe droṇam śaraiḥ
āvāritam dṛṣṭvā sahasā hā heti nādaḥ samabhavat

44. Then, O king, a sudden cry of 'Oh! Alas!' arose when Droṇa was seen in battle, covered with arrows by Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the son of Pāñcāla.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• हा (hā) - Oh! Alas! (interjection of sorrow or surprise)

• हेति (heti) - "thus", "saying" (as part of hā heti, indicating a cry)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, immediately, forcefully

• नादः (nādaḥ) - a sound, roar, cry

• समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, occurred, became

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

• पाञ्चाल्येन (pāñcālyena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the son of Pāñcāla)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

• आवारितम् (āvāritam) - covered, surrounded, obstructed

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative ending (-tas) used to form an indeclinable adverb.

हा (hā) - Oh! Alas! (interjection of sorrow or surprise)

(indeclinable)

हेति (heti) - "thus", "saying" (as part of hā heti, indicating a cry)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often combined with interjections like 'hā' to express a cry or exclamation.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, immediately, forcefully

(indeclinable)

नादः (nādaḥ) - a sound, roar, cry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāda

nāda - sound, roar, cry, noise

From root nad (to sound, roar) with suffix -a.

Root: nad (class 1)

समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, occurred, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect 3rd singular active

Imperfect (laṅ-lakāra), 3rd person singular, active voice. Root bhū, conjugated with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Compound: nṛ (man) + pa (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

पाञ्चाल्येन (pāñcālyena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the son of Pāñcāla)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - belonging to Pañcāla, a prince of Pañcāla, son of Pañcāla (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

Derived from Pañcāla, meaning 'son of Pañcāla'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form, from root dṛś. Signifies an action completed before the main verb.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas)

आवारितम् (āvāritam) - covered, surrounded, obstructed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āvārita

āvārita - covered, concealed, surrounded, obstructed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from the root vṛ (to cover, choose) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow