महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-98, verse-50

प्रत्याश्वस्तस्ततो द्रोणो धनुर्गृह्य महाबलः ।
शरैर्वैतस्तिकै राजन्नित्यमासन्नयोधिभिः ।
योधयामास समरे धृष्टद्युम्नं महारथम् ॥५०॥

50. pratyāśvastastato droṇo dhanurgṛhya mahābalaḥ ,
śarairvaitastikai rājannityamāsannayodhibhiḥ ,
yodhayāmāsa samare dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ mahāratham.

50. pratyāśvastaḥ tataḥ droṇaḥ dhanuḥ
gṛhya mahābalaḥ śaraiḥ vaitastikaiḥ
rājan nityam āsannayodhibhiḥ yodhayāmāsa
samare dhṛṣṭadyumnam mahāratham

50. rājan! tataḥ pratyāśvastaḥ mahābalaḥ droṇaḥ dhanuḥ gṛhya,
nityam āsannayodhibhiḥ vaitastikaiḥ śaraiḥ samare mahāratham dhṛṣṭadyumnam yodhayāmāsa

50. Then, O King, the immensely powerful Drona, having recovered (his composure), took up his bow and fought the great warrior Dhrishtadyumna in battle with Vaitastika arrows, which are always used for close-quarters combat.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्याश्वस्तः (pratyāśvastaḥ) - reassured, recovered, regained confidence

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, thereafter

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• गृह्य (gṛhya) - having taken, having seized

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - immensely powerful, mighty

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• वैतस्तिकैः (vaitastikaiḥ) - with arrows named Vaitastika

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, eternally

• आसन्नयोधिभिः (āsannayodhibhiḥ) - by those fighting at close quarters

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - fought, caused to fight

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhrishtadyumna

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्याश्वस्तः (pratyāśvastaḥ) - reassured, recovered, regained confidence

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratyāśvasta

pratyāśvasta - reassured, recovered, regained confidence, consoled

Past Passive Participle

From prefix prati- (back, again) + ā- (towards) + root śvas (to breathe, trust).

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, thereafter

(indeclinable)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a warrior and teacher, preceptor of the Kauravas and Pandavas)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

गृह्य (gṛhya) - having taken, having seized

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root grah (to seize, take) with suffix -ya (after prefix, but here used without explicit prefix).

Root: grah (class 9)

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - immensely powerful, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - immensely powerful, mighty, strong

Compound type : karmahāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed, shaft

वैतस्तिकैः (vaitastikaiḥ) - with arrows named Vaitastika

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vaitastika

vaitastika - related to a vitasti (a span of 12 angulas), a particular type of arrow

Derived from vitasti (a measure, a span).

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, eternally

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of nitya (constant, eternal).

आसन्नयोधिभिः (āsannayodhibhiḥ) - by those fighting at close quarters

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āsannayodhin

āsannayodhin - fighting at close quarters, close combatant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āsanna+yodhin)

• āsanna – near, proximate, approaching
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix ā- (near) + root sad (to sit, approach).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sad (class 1)
• yodhin – fighter, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - fought, caused to fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yudh

Periphrastic Perfect (Causal)

Periphrastic perfect of the causal stem of root yudh (to fight). Formed with the suffix -i + perfect of ās (to be).

Root: yudh (class 4)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhrishtadyumna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhrishtadyumna (name of a Pandava general, son of Drupada)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one fighting from a great chariot, a commander of a large force

Compound type : karmahāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)