महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-98, verse-53

आरुह्य स्वरथं वीरः प्रगृह्य च महद्धनुः ।
विव्याध समरे द्रोणं धृष्टद्युम्नो महारथः ॥५३॥

53. āruhya svarathaṁ vīraḥ pragṛhya ca mahaddhanuḥ ,
vivyādha samare droṇaṁ dhṛṣṭadyumno mahārathaḥ.

53. āruhya svaratham vīraḥ pragṛhya ca mahat dhanuḥ
vivyādha samare droṇam dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ mahārathaḥ

53. vīraḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ mahārathaḥ svaratham āruhya
ca mahat dhanuḥ pragṛhya samare droṇam vivyādha

53. The heroic Dhṛṣṭadyumna, a great warrior (mahāratha), having remounted his own chariot and taken up a mighty bow, struck Droṇa in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having remounted (having mounted, having ascended)

• स्वरथम् (svaratham) - his own chariot

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - the heroic (Dhrishtadyumna) (hero, brave man, warrior)

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having grasped, having seized, having taken up

• च (ca) - and, also

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - struck, pierced, wounded

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona (a proper name)

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna (a proper name)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, owner of a great chariot (mahāratha)

Words meanings and morphology

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having remounted (having mounted, having ascended)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix ā + root ruh + suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

स्वरथम् (svaratham) - his own chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svaratha

svaratha - one's own chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+ratha)

• sva – own, self
  adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

वीरः (vīraḥ) - the heroic (Dhrishtadyumna) (hero, brave man, warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, powerful

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having grasped, having seized, having taken up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix pra + root grah + suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Agrees with 'dhanuḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

विव्याध (vivyādha) - struck, pierced, wounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vyadh

Root: vyadh (class 4)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a preceptor)

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhrishtadyumna (name of a Pāñcāla prince)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛṣṭa+dyumna)

• dhṛṣṭa – bold, audacious, insolent
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛṣ (to be bold).
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
• dyumna – wealth, splendor, glory
  noun (neuter)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, owner of a great chariot (mahāratha)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot, great warrior, hero

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)