महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-98, verse-49

अवप्लुत्य रथाच्चापि त्वरितः स महारथः ।
आरुरोह रथं तूर्णं भारद्वाजस्य मारिष ।
हर्तुमैच्छच्छिरः कायात्क्रोधसंरक्तलोचनः ॥४९॥

49. avaplutya rathāccāpi tvaritaḥ sa mahārathaḥ ,
āruroha rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ bhāradvājasya māriṣa ,
hartumaicchacchiraḥ kāyātkrodhasaṁraktalocanaḥ.

49. avaplutya rathāt ca api tvaritaḥ
saḥ mahārathaḥ āruroha ratham tūrṇam
bhāradvājasya māriṣa hartum aicchat
śiraḥ kāyāt krodhasaṃraktalocanaḥ

49. māriṣa! tvaritaḥ saḥ mahārathaḥ rathāt ca api avaplutya,
bhāradvājasya ratham tūrṇam āruroha.
krodhasaṃraktalocanaḥ [saḥ] kāyāt śiraḥ hartum aicchat

49. O esteemed one, having jumped down from his (own) chariot, that swift great warrior quickly ascended the chariot of Bharadvaja (Drona), his eyes red with anger, desiring to sever (Drona's) head from his body.

Words meanings summery:

• अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down, having alighted

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, quick, hastening

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, commander of a large force

• आरुरोह (āruroha) - ascended, mounted

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, at once

• भारद्वाजस्य (bhāradvājasya) - of Drona (son of Bharadvaja) (of Bharadvaja)

• मारिष (māriṣa) - O esteemed one, O venerable one

• हर्तुम् (hartum) - to sever (the head) (to take away, to carry off, to steal, to sever)

• ऐच्छत् (aicchat) - desired, wished

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

• क्रोधसंरक्तलोचनः (krodhasaṁraktalocanaḥ) - having eyes reddened by anger

Words meanings and morphology

अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down, having alighted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root plu (to float, jump) with prefix ava and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ava

Root: plu (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, quick, hastening

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - swift, quick, hastened, hurried

Past Passive Participle

From root tvar (to hasten, hurry).

Root: tvar (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, commander of a large force

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one fighting from a great chariot, a commander of a large force

Compound type : karmahāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

आरुरोह (āruroha) - ascended, mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ruh

Perfect Tense

Root verb in perfect tense, 3rd person singular active, with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, at once

(indeclinable)

Often used as an adverb, derived from the root tvar (to hasten).

Root: tvar (class 1)

भारद्वाजस्य (bhāradvājasya) - of Drona (son of Bharadvaja) (of Bharadvaja)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhāradvāja

bhāradvāja - descendant of Bharadvaja; Drona (as son of the sage Bharadvaja)

मारिष (māriṣa) - O esteemed one, O venerable one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - esteemed one, venerable person, gentleman

हर्तुम् (hartum) - to sever (the head) (to take away, to carry off, to steal, to sever)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root hṛ (to take).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

ऐच्छत् (aicchat) - desired, wished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of iṣ

Imperfect Tense

Root verb in imperfect tense, 3rd person singular active.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, collection, heap

क्रोधसंरक्तलोचनः (krodhasaṁraktalocanaḥ) - having eyes reddened by anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodhasaṃraktalocana

krodhasaṁraktalocana - having eyes reddened by anger

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krodha+saṃrakta+locana)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
• saṃrakta – reddened, deeply dyed, inflamed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix sam- (together, thoroughly) + root rañj (to color, dye).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• locana – eye, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  From root loc (to see).
  Root: loc (class 10)