महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-98, verse-42

तान्निहत्य रणे राजन्भारद्वाजः प्रतापवान् ।
कार्मुकं भ्रामयामास हेमपृष्ठं दुरासदम् ॥४२॥

42. tānnihatya raṇe rājanbhāradvājaḥ pratāpavān ,
kārmukaṁ bhrāmayāmāsa hemapṛṣṭhaṁ durāsadam.

42. tān nihatya raṇe rājan bhāradvājaḥ pratāpavān
kārmukam bhrāmayāmāsa hemapṛṣṭham durāsadam

42. rājan pratāpavān bhāradvājaḥ tān raṇe nihatya
hemapṛṣṭham durāsadam kārmukam bhrāmayāmāsa

42. O King, having slain those (warriors) in battle, the mighty Bhāradvāja (Droṇa) whirled his formidable, gold-backed bow.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - Referring to the enemy warriors mentioned in the previous verse. (them, those)

• निहत्य (nihatya) - having struck down, having killed

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king)

• भारद्वाजः (bhāradvājaḥ) - Referring to Droṇa. (Bharadvaja's son, descendant of Bharadvaja)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

• कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - bow

• भ्रामयामास (bhrāmayāmāsa) - he whirled, he caused to turn around

• हेमपृष्ठम् (hemapṛṣṭham) - gold-backed, having a gold back

• दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - formidable, difficult to approach, invincible

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - Referring to the enemy warriors mentioned in the previous verse. (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'nihatya'.

निहत्य (nihatya) - having struck down, having killed

(indeclinable participle)

Note: Indicates action completed before the main verb.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, fight, combat

Note: Place of action for 'nihatya'.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

भारद्वाजः (bhāradvājaḥ) - Referring to Droṇa. (Bharadvaja's son, descendant of Bharadvaja)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāradvāja

bhāradvāja - descendant of Bharadvaja, a proper name (e.g., Droṇa)

Patronymic from Bharadvaja.

Note: Subject of 'bhrāmayāmāsa'.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, powerful, glorious, having heat/splendor

Possessive adjective from pratāpa (power, glory) with matup suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'bhāradvājaḥ'.

कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārmuka

kārmuka - bow, made of kārmuka wood

Note: Object of 'bhrāmayāmāsa'.

भ्रामयामास (bhrāmayāmāsa) - he whirled, he caused to turn around

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhram

Causative Perfect

Causative stem bhrāmaya- from root bhram, conjugated in Perfect 3rd singular active. Periphrastic perfect using āmāsa.

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

हेमपृष्ठम् (hemapṛṣṭham) - gold-backed, having a gold back

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hemapṛṣṭha

hemapṛṣṭha - gold-backed, having a gold back (of a bow)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (heman+pṛṣṭha)

• heman – gold
  noun (neuter)
• pṛṣṭha – back, surface, top
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'kārmukam'.

दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - formidable, difficult to approach, invincible

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, formidable, invincible

Gerundive (karmaṇi) or adjective

From 'dus' (difficult) and 'āsada' (to approach, from root sad with prefix ā).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dur+āsada)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• āsada – approaching, reaching
  noun (masculine)
  From root sad (to sit) with prefix ā (to approach).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kārmukam'.