महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-98, verse-43

पाञ्चालान्निहतान्दृष्ट्वा देवकल्पान्महारथान् ।
धृष्टद्युम्नो भृशं क्रुद्धो नेत्राभ्यां पातयञ्जलम् ।
अभ्यवर्तत संग्रामे क्रुद्धो द्रोणरथं प्रति ॥४३॥

43. pāñcālānnihatāndṛṣṭvā devakalpānmahārathān ,
dhṛṣṭadyumno bhṛśaṁ kruddho netrābhyāṁ pātayañjalam ,
abhyavartata saṁgrāme kruddho droṇarathaṁ prati.

43. pāñcālān nihatān dṛṣṭvā devakalpān
mahārathān dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ bhṛśam kruddhaḥ
netrābhyām pātayan jalam abhyavartata
saṅgrāme kruddhaḥ droṇaratham prati

43. pāñcālān devakalpān mahārathān nihatān dṛṣṭvā,
dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ bhṛśam kruddhaḥ netrābhyām jalam pātayan kruddhaḥ saṅgrāme droṇaratham prati abhyavartata

43. Having seen the god-like, great charioteers, the Pañcālas, slain, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, exceedingly enraged, shedding tears from his eyes, advanced fiercely in battle towards Droṇa's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - Referring to the warriors of the Pañcāla kingdom. (Pañcālas (people of the Pañcāla kingdom))

• निहतान् (nihatān) - slain, killed, struck down

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• देवकल्पान् (devakalpān) - god-like, resembling gods

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers, great warriors

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - The commander of the Pāṇḍava army, destined to kill Droṇa. (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a proper name))

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - exceedingly, greatly, intensely

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

• नेत्राभ्याम् (netrābhyām) - from (his) two eyes

• पातयन् (pātayan) - Shedding tears. (shedding, causing to fall)

• जलम् (jalam) - Here, specifically tears. (water, tears)

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he turned towards, he advanced, he attacked

• सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in combat

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

• द्रोणरथम् (droṇaratham) - Droṇa's chariot

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, to

Words meanings and morphology

पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - Referring to the warriors of the Pañcāla kingdom. (Pañcālas (people of the Pañcāla kingdom))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - of the Pañcālas, a resident of Pañcāla

From Pañcāla (name of a kingdom).

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

निहतान् (nihatān) - slain, killed, struck down

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, slain

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni and suffix kta.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'pāñcālān'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable participle)

Note: Indicates action completed before the main verb 'abhyavartata'.

देवकल्पान् (devakalpān) - god-like, resembling gods

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of devakalpa

devakalpa - god-like, resembling gods

Compound: deva (god) + kalpa (like, resembling).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (deva+kalpa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• kalpa – like, resembling, almost
  indeclinable
  Suffix implying similarity.

Note: Agrees with 'pāñcālān'.

महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers, great warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior (one who can fight 10,000 warriors)

Compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (in context)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'pāñcālān'.

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - The commander of the Pāṇḍava army, destined to kill Droṇa. (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a son of Drupada)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛṣṭa+dyumna)

• dhṛṣṭa – bold, insolent, brave
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛṣ (to be bold).
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
• dyumna – glory, splendor, wealth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'abhyavartata'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - exceedingly, greatly, intensely

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'kruddhaḥ'.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh (to be angry) with suffix kta.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ'.

नेत्राभ्याम् (netrābhyām) - from (his) two eyes

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of netra

netra - eye

Note: Instrument of shedding tears. Can also be ablative 'from the eyes'.

पातयन् (pātayan) - Shedding tears. (shedding, causing to fall)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātayat

pātayat - causing to fall, shedding, felling

Present Active Participle (causative)

From causative stem pāta- of root pat (to fall) with śatṛ suffix.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ', describes concurrent action.

जलम् (jalam) - Here, specifically tears. (water, tears)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water, fluid

Note: Object of 'pātayan'.

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he turned towards, he advanced, he attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect

From root vṛt (to turn) with prefixes abhi and ava, conjugated in Imperfect 3rd singular middle (ātmanepada).

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, combat, war

Note: Place of action.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh (to be angry) with suffix kta.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ', reiterating his state.

द्रोणरथम् (droṇaratham) - Droṇa's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇaratha

droṇaratha - Droṇa's chariot

Compound: Droṇa (proper name) + ratha (chariot).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (droṇa+ratha)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of direction (with 'prati').

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, to

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition indicating direction.