महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-98, verse-48

तं वै तथागतं दृष्ट्वा धृष्टद्युम्नः पराक्रमी ।
समुत्सृज्य धनुस्तूर्णमसिं जग्राह वीर्यवान् ॥४८॥

48. taṁ vai tathāgataṁ dṛṣṭvā dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ parākramī ,
samutsṛjya dhanustūrṇamasiṁ jagrāha vīryavān.

48. tam vai tathāgatam dṛṣṭvā dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ parākramī
samutsṛjya dhanuḥ tūrṇam asim jagrāha vīryavān

48. parākramī vīryavān dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tathāgatam tam dṛṣṭvā,
dhanuḥ samutsṛjya,
tūrṇam asim vai jagrāha

48. Seeing him (Drona) thus having arrived, the mighty and valorous Dhrishtadyumna quickly abandoned his bow and seized a sword.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Drona) (him, that)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• तथागतम् (tathāgatam) - thus come, having arrived in that manner

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna

• पराक्रमी (parākramī) - mighty, valiant, heroic

• समुत्सृज्य (samutsṛjya) - having abandoned, having cast off, having given up

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, at once

• असिम् (asim) - sword

• जग्राह (jagrāha) - seized, took, grasped

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, strong, valorous, mighty

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Drona) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

तथागतम् (tathāgatam) - thus come, having arrived in that manner

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tathāgata

tathāgata - thus come, having arrived in that manner, one who has come as such

Past Passive Participle

From tathā (thus) + gata (gone, arrived).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tathā+gata)

• tathā – thus, in that manner, so
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived, passed, reached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go, move).
  Root: gam (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhrishtadyumna (name of a Pandava general, son of Drupada)

पराक्रमी (parākramī) - mighty, valiant, heroic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parākramin

parākramin - mighty, valiant, heroic, valorous

Derived from parākrama (valor, might).

समुत्सृज्य (samutsṛjya) - having abandoned, having cast off, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root sṛj (to release, create) with prefixes sam-ut and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, at once

(indeclinable)

Often used as an adverb, derived from the root tvar (to hasten).

Root: tvar (class 1)

असिम् (asim) - sword

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asi

asi - sword, scimitar

जग्राह (jagrāha) - seized, took, grasped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of grah

Perfect Tense

Root verb in perfect tense, 3rd person singular active.

Root: grah (class 9)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, strong, valorous, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, strong, valorous, mighty, courageous

Possessive adjective formed with suffix -vat from vīrya (valor, strength).