महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-64, verse-7

विष्वग्वाताः सनिर्घाता रूक्षाः शर्करवर्षिणः ।
ववुरायाति कौन्तेये संग्रामे समुपस्थिते ॥७॥

7. viṣvagvātāḥ sanirghātā rūkṣāḥ śarkaravarṣiṇaḥ ,
vavurāyāti kaunteye saṁgrāme samupasthite.

7. viṣvak vātāḥ sanirghātāḥ rūkṣāḥ śarkaravarṣiṇaḥ
vavuḥ āyāti kaunteye saṃgrāme samupasthite

7. viṣvak sanirghātāḥ rūkṣāḥ śarkaravarṣiṇaḥ vātāḥ
vavuḥ kaunteye āyāti saṃgrāme samupasthite

7. Harsh winds, accompanied by thunderous crashes and raining gravel, blew from all directions as the son of Kunti (Arjuna) approached and battle became imminent.

Words meanings summery:

• विष्वक् (viṣvak) - in all directions, everywhere

• वाताः (vātāḥ) - winds, breezes

• सनिर्घाताः (sanirghātāḥ) - accompanied by thunder, with a loud crash

• रूक्षाः (rūkṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, dry

• शर्करवर्षिणः (śarkaravarṣiṇaḥ) - raining gravel/pebbles

• ववुः (vavuḥ) - they blew

• आयाति (āyāti) - when [he] approached (approaching, coming)

• कौन्तेये (kaunteye) - when the son of Kunti (Arjuna) (in the son of Kunti)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - when battle (in battle, in conflict)

• समुपस्थिते (samupasthite) - became imminent (imminent, at hand, presented)

Words meanings and morphology

विष्वक् (viṣvak) - in all directions, everywhere

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'vātāḥ'.

वाताः (vātāḥ) - winds, breezes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāta

vāta - wind, air, breeze

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'vavuḥ'.

सनिर्घाताः (sanirghātāḥ) - accompanied by thunder, with a loud crash

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sanirghāta

sanirghāta - accompanied by a crash, thundering

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+nirghāta)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• nirghāta – crash, thunder, impact
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: nir
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Adjective for 'vātāḥ'.

रूक्षाः (rūkṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, dry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rūkṣa

rūkṣa - harsh, rough, dry, unkind

Note: Adjective for 'vātāḥ'.

शर्करवर्षिणः (śarkaravarṣiṇaḥ) - raining gravel/pebbles

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śarkaravarṣin

śarkaravarṣin - raining gravel, showering pebbles

Formed from 'śarkara' (gravel) and 'varṣin' (raining).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śarkara+varṣin)

• śarkara – gravel, pebble, grit
  noun (neuter)
• varṣin – raining, showering
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  Derived from root 'vṛṣ' + 'ṇini' suffix.
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'vātāḥ'.

ववुः (vavuḥ) - they blew

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vā

Perfect third person plural

Root 'vā' in perfect tense.

Root: vā (class 2)

आयाति (āyāti) - when [he] approached (approaching, coming)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of āyāt

āyāt - approaching, coming (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from 'ā' + root 'yā' + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'kaunteye'.

कौन्तेये (kaunteye) - when the son of Kunti (Arjuna) (in the son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti (Arjuna, Yudhishthira, Bhima)

Patronymic derived from Kunti.

Note: Locative absolute construction, referring to one of the Pandavas, likely Arjuna in a battle context.

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - when battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict, engagement

From 'sam' + 'grāma' (village, multitude), implies coming together.

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'samupasthite'.

समुपस्थिते (samupasthite) - became imminent (imminent, at hand, presented)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of samupasthita

samupasthita - present, at hand, imminent, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'sam' + 'upa' + root 'sthā' + 'kta' suffix.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'saṃgrāme', forming a locative absolute construction.