महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-64, verse-40

नाजानन्त शिरांस्युर्व्यां पतितानि नरर्षभाः ।
अमृष्यमाणाः कौन्तेयं संग्रामे जयगृद्धिनः ॥४०॥

40. nājānanta śirāṁsyurvyāṁ patitāni nararṣabhāḥ ,
amṛṣyamāṇāḥ kaunteyaṁ saṁgrāme jayagṛddhinaḥ.

40. na ajānanta śirāṃsi urvyām patitāni nararṣabhāḥ
amṛṣyamāṇāḥ kaunteyam saṃgrāme jayagṛddhinaḥ

40. jayagṛddhinaḥ saṃgrāme kaunteyam amṛṣyamāṇāḥ
nararṣabhāḥ urvyām patitāni śirāṃsi na ajānanta

40. The mighty warriors (nararṣabhāḥ), eager for victory and unable to tolerate the son of Kunti (kaunteyam) in battle (saṃgrāme), did not perceive the heads that had fallen on the ground (urvyām).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अजानन्त (ajānanta) - they did not know, they did not perceive

• शिरांसि (śirāṁsi) - heads

• उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - on the earth, on the ground

• पतितानि (patitāni) - fallen

• नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - best of men, mighty warriors

• अमृष्यमाणाः (amṛṣyamāṇāḥ) - not tolerating, unable to bear

• कौन्तेयम् (kaunteyam) - son of Kunti (Arjuna)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

• जयगृद्धिनः (jayagṛddhinaḥ) - eager for victory, desirous of victory

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अजानन्त (ajānanta) - they did not know, they did not perceive

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: The 'a' prefix indicates imperfect tense, not a negation of the root. The negation is by 'na'.

शिरांसि (śirāṁsi) - heads

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of śiras

śiras - head

उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - on the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of urvī

urvī - earth, ground

पतितानि (patitāni) - fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of patita

patita - fallen, descended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śirāṃsi'

नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - best of men, mighty warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, chief of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

अमृष्यमाणाः (amṛṣyamāṇāḥ) - not tolerating, unable to bear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amṛṣyamāṇa

amṛṣyamāṇa - not tolerating, unable to endure

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root mṛṣ (to bear, tolerate) with negative prefix a-

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'nararṣabhāḥ'

कौन्तेयम् (kaunteyam) - son of Kunti (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti, Arjuna

Patronymic derived from Kuntī

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, combat, war

जयगृद्धिनः (jayagṛddhinaḥ) - eager for victory, desirous of victory

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jayagṛddhin

jayagṛddhin - eager for victory

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jaya+gṛddhin)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
• gṛddhin – greedy, eager, covetous
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'nararṣabhāḥ'