महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-64, verse-18

रथप्रवरमास्थाय नरो नारायणानुगः ।
विधुन्वन्गाण्डिवं संख्ये बभौ सूर्य इवोदितः ॥१८॥

18. rathapravaramāsthāya naro nārāyaṇānugaḥ ,
vidhunvangāṇḍivaṁ saṁkhye babhau sūrya ivoditaḥ.

18. rathapravaram āsthāya naraḥ nārāyaṇānugaḥ
vidhunvan gāṇḍivam saṃkhye babhau sūryaḥ iva uditaḥ

18. rathapravaram āsthāya nārāyaṇānugaḥ naraḥ saṃkhye
gāṇḍivam vidhunvan uditaḥ sūryaḥ iva babhau

18. Having mounted the excellent chariot, the man (Arjuna), a follower of Nārāyaṇa, shone like the rising sun, brandishing his Gaṇḍīva (bow) in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• रथप्रवरम् (rathapravaram) - the excellent chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having taken a stand

• नरः (naraḥ) - Arjuna (the man)

• नारायणानुगः (nārāyaṇānugaḥ) - follower of Nārāyaṇa

• विधुन्वन् (vidhunvan) - shaking, brandishing

• गाण्डिवम् (gāṇḍivam) - the Gaṇḍīva (bow)

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in conflict

• बभौ (babhau) - shone

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

• इव (iva) - like, as

• उदितः (uditaḥ) - risen, arisen

Words meanings and morphology

रथप्रवरम् (rathapravaram) - the excellent chariot

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rathapravara

rathapravara - excellent chariot, best of chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+pravara)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• pravara – excellent, chief, best
  adjective (neuter)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having taken a stand

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

absolutive form from root sthā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - Arjuna (the man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

नारायणानुगः (nārāyaṇānugaḥ) - follower of Nārāyaṇa

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārāyaṇānuga

nārāyaṇānuga - follower of Nārāyaṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nārāyaṇa+anuga)

• nārāyaṇa – Nārāyaṇa (epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anuga – follower, attendant
  noun (masculine)
  derived from anu + gam
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

विधुन्वन् (vidhunvan) - shaking, brandishing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhunvat

vidhunvat - shaking, brandishing, agitating

present active participle

present active participle from root dhū with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

गाण्डिवम् (gāṇḍivam) - the Gaṇḍīva (bow)

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - Gaṇḍīva (Arjuna's celebrated bow)

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, war, conflict; calculation, number

बभौ (babhau) - shone

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhā

Root: bhā (class 2)

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, the sun-god

इव (iva) - like, as

(indeclinable)

उदितः (uditaḥ) - risen, arisen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udita

udita - risen, ascended, appeared, produced

past passive participle

past passive participle of root i with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)