महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-64, verse-59

चोदयन्तो हयांस्तूर्णं पलायन्ते स्म तावकाः ।
सादिनो रथिनश्चैव पत्तयश्चार्जुनार्दिताः ॥५९॥

59. codayanto hayāṁstūrṇaṁ palāyante sma tāvakāḥ ,
sādino rathinaścaiva pattayaścārjunārditāḥ.

59. codayantaḥ hayān tūrṇam palāyante sma tāvakāḥ
sādinaḥ rathinaḥ ca eva pattayaḥ ca arjunārditāḥ

59. arjunārditāḥ tāvakāḥ sādinaḥ rathinaḥ ca eva
pattayaḥ ca hayān tūrṇam codayantaḥ palāyante sma

59. Your warriors—cavalrymen, charioteers, and indeed foot soldiers—tormented by Arjuna, quickly fled, urging on their horses.

Words meanings summery:

• चोदयन्तः (codayantaḥ) - urging, driving, impelling

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• पलायन्ते (palāyante) - they flee, they run away

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense with a present verb

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Duryodhana's warriors (your (warriors))

• सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - cavalrymen, horsemen

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• पत्तयः (pattayaḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

• च (ca) - and, also

• अर्जुनार्दिताः (arjunārditāḥ) - tormented by Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

चोदयन्तः (codayantaḥ) - urging, driving, impelling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codayat

codayat - one who urges, drives, impels

Present Active Participle

Causative stem of cud (चुद्) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: cud (class 10)

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle of tvar (त्वर्) to hurry.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially

पलायन्ते (palāyante) - they flee, they run away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of palāyate

Prefix: parā

Root: i (class 2)

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense with a present verb

(indeclinable)

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Duryodhana's warriors (your (warriors))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, yours

Derivative from 'tva' (you).

Note: Implied noun is 'yodhāḥ' (warriors).

सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - cavalrymen, horsemen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - a horseman, rider, cavalryman; charioteer

Root: sad (class 1)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - possessing a chariot, a charioteer, a warrior in a chariot

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

पत्तयः (pattayaḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patti

patti - a foot soldier, infantry; going, marching

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनार्दिताः (arjunārditāḥ) - tormented by Arjuna

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of arjunārdita

arjunārdita - tormented, afflicted, pained by Arjuna

Compound formed from Arjuna and ārdita (past passive participle).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (arjuna+ārdita)

• arjuna – Arjuna (a proper name, one of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ārdita – tormented, afflicted, pained, distressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ard (class 1)