महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-64, verse-56

तत्तथा तव पुत्रस्य सैन्यं युधि परंतप ।
प्रभग्नं द्रुतमाविग्नमतीव शरपीडितम् ॥५६॥

56. tattathā tava putrasya sainyaṁ yudhi paraṁtapa ,
prabhagnaṁ drutamāvignamatīva śarapīḍitam.

56. tat tathā tava putrasya sainyam yudhi paraṃtapa
prabhagnam drutam āvignam atīva śarapīḍitam

56. paraṃtapa tat tathā tava putrasya sainyam yudhi
drutam prabhagnam atīva āvignam śarapīḍitam

56. O scorcher of foes (paraṃtapa), thus your son's army in battle was swiftly routed, greatly distressed, and exceedingly tormented by arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - referring to the state of the army (that, this, it)

• तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

• तव (tava) - your

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - referring to Duryodhana (of the son, son's)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - Vocative address to Dhritarashtra. (O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies)

• प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - (army) routed (broken, routed, shattered)

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - swiftly, quickly, rapidly

• आविग्नम् (āvignam) - (army) distressed (distressed, agitated, bewildered)

• अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, very much, greatly

• शरपीडितम् (śarapīḍitam) - (army) severely affected by arrows (tormented by arrows, arrow-stricken)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - referring to the state of the army (that, this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Adverbial usage or refers to the army.

तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Pronominal adjective, genitive of 'you'.

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - referring to Duryodhana (of the son, son's)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

Note: Subject of the implied verb (e.g., 'was').

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, combat, war

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - Vocative address to Dhritarashtra. (O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies (epithet)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – burning, tormenting, asceticism (tapas)
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, torment) with suffix -a
  Root: tap (class 1)

प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - (army) routed (broken, routed, shattered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, routed, shattered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhañj' (to break) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'sainyam'.

द्रुतम् (drutam) - swiftly, quickly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (often used adverbially)

Derived from root 'dru' (to run, flow).

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying the state of the army.

आविग्नम् (āvignam) - (army) distressed (distressed, agitated, bewildered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āvigna

āvigna - distressed, agitated, bewildered, confused

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vij' (to tremble, move quickly) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'sainyam'.

अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, very much, greatly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'śarapīḍitam'.

शरपीडितम् (śarapīḍitam) - (army) severely affected by arrows (tormented by arrows, arrow-stricken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śarapīḍita

śarapīḍita - tormented by arrows, struck by arrows, arrow-stricken

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śara+pīḍita)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – tormented, afflicted, oppressed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'pīḍ' (to oppress, afflict)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'sainyam'.