महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-64, verse-58

प्रतोदैश्चापकोटीभिर्हुंकारैः साधुवाहितैः ।
कशापार्ष्ण्यभिघातैश्च वाग्भिरुग्राभिरेव च ॥५८॥

58. pratodaiścāpakoṭībhirhuṁkāraiḥ sādhuvāhitaiḥ ,
kaśāpārṣṇyabhighātaiśca vāgbhirugrābhireva ca.

58. pratodaiḥ ca cāpakoṭībhiḥ huṅkāraiḥ sādhuvāhitaiḥ
kaśāpārṣṇyabhighātaiḥ ca vāgbhiḥ ugrābhiḥ eva ca

58. pratodaiḥ cāpakoṭībhiḥ sādhuvāhitaiḥ huṅkāraiḥ ca
kaśāpārṣṇyabhighātaiḥ ca ugrābhiḥ vāgbhiḥ eva ca

58. With goads, with the tips of their bows, with well-uttered shouts, and with blows from whips and heels, and indeed with fierce words.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रतोदैः (pratodaiḥ) - with goads, with stimuli

• च (ca) - and, also

• चापकोटीभिः (cāpakoṭībhiḥ) - with the tips of bows

• हुङ्कारैः (huṅkāraiḥ) - with shouts, with roars

• साधुवाहितैः (sādhuvāhitaiḥ) - with well-managed (shouts/vehicles)

• कशापार्ष्ण्यभिघातैः (kaśāpārṣṇyabhighātaiḥ) - with blows from whips and heels

• च (ca) - and, also

• वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words, with speech

• उग्राभिः (ugrābhiḥ) - with fierce, with terrible

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

प्रतोदैः (pratodaiḥ) - with goads, with stimuli

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pratoda

pratoda - a goad, spur, stimulus, instigation

Prefix: pra

Root: tud (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

चापकोटीभिः (cāpakoṭībhiḥ) - with the tips of bows

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of cāpakoṭī

cāpakoṭī - bow-tip, end of a bow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cāpa+koṭī)

• cāpa – bow
  noun (masculine)
• koṭī – tip, end, point, extremity
  noun (feminine)

हुङ्कारैः (huṅkāraiḥ) - with shouts, with roars

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of huṅkāra

huṅkāra - a roar, a shout, an angry sound

साधुवाहितैः (sādhuvāhitaiḥ) - with well-managed (shouts/vehicles)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sādhuvāhita

sādhuvāhita - well-driven, well-managed, well-carried

Past Passive Participle

From sādhu (well, good) + vāhita (driven, carried).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sādhu+vāhita)

• sādhu – good, virtuous, well, proper
  indeclinable
• vāhita – driven, carried, conveyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'huṅkāraiḥ' or an implied noun like 'hayanaiḥ' (by means of horses).

कशापार्ष्ण्यभिघातैः (kaśāpārṣṇyabhighātaiḥ) - with blows from whips and heels

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaśāpārṣṇyabhighāta

kaśāpārṣṇyabhighāta - blows from whips and heels

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (kaśā+pārṣṇi+abhighāta)

• kaśā – a whip, a lash
  noun (feminine)
• pārṣṇi – the heel
  noun (feminine)
• abhighāta – a blow, stroke, impact
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: han (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words, with speech

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Root: vac (class 2)

उग्राभिः (ugrābhiḥ) - with fierce, with terrible

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of ugrā

ugra - fierce, terrible, violent, mighty, cruel

Note: Agrees with 'vāgbhiḥ'

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)