महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-117, verse-50

अथाब्रवीद्धृष्टमना वासुदेवं धनंजयः ।
पश्य वृष्णिप्रवीरेण क्रीडन्तं कुरुपुंगवम् ।
महाद्विपेनेव वने मत्तेन हरियूथपम् ॥५०॥

50. athābravīddhṛṣṭamanā vāsudevaṁ dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
paśya vṛṣṇipravīreṇa krīḍantaṁ kurupuṁgavam ,
mahādvipeneva vane mattena hariyūthapam.

50. atha abravīt dhṛṣṭamanā vāsudevam
dhanaṃjayaḥ paśya vṛṣṇipravīreṇa
krīḍantam kurupuṅgavam mahādvipeṇa
iva vane mattena hariyūthapam

50. atha dhanaṃjayaḥ dhṛṣṭamanā
vāsudevam abravīt paśya kurupuṅgavam
krīḍantam vṛṣṇipravīreṇa iva
mattena mahādvipeṇa vane hariyūthapam

50. Then Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna), with a resolute mind, spoke to Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa): "Behold the bull among the Kurus (Bhūriśravas) fighting with the foremost of the Vṛṣṇis (Sātyaki), just as a maddened great elephant might play (fight) with the lord of a herd of lions in a forest."

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (to Vāsudeva) (he spoke, he said)

• धृष्टमना (dhṛṣṭamanā) - with a resolute mind (cheerful-minded, resolute in spirit, bold-minded)

• वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - to Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) (Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa))

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna)

• पश्य (paśya) - Behold! (see, behold, look)

• वृष्णिप्रवीरेण (vṛṣṇipravīreṇa) - by the foremost of the Vṛṣṇis (Sātyaki) (by the foremost among the Vṛṣṇis)

• क्रीडन्तम् (krīḍantam) - fighting (playing, sporting, fighting)

• कुरुपुङ्गवम् (kurupuṅgavam) - the bull among the Kurus (Bhūriśravas) (bull among the Kurus, foremost of the Kurus)

• महाद्विपेण (mahādvipeṇa) - by a great elephant

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the grove)

• मत्तेन (mattena) - by a maddened (elephant) (by a maddened one, by one in rut, by an intoxicated one)

• हरियूथपम् (hariyūthapam) - the lord of a herd of lions (lord of a herd of lions, chief of lions)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (to Vāsudeva) (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

From root brū (2nd class), imperfect, 3rd person singular. Augmented form.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is Dhanaṃjaya.

धृष्टमना (dhṛṣṭamanā) - with a resolute mind (cheerful-minded, resolute in spirit, bold-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭamanas

dhṛṣṭamanas - cheerful-minded, bold in mind, resolute in spirit

Compound dhṛṣṭa (bold, resolute) + manas (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛṣṭa+manas)

• dhṛṣṭa – bold, audacious, resolute
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛṣ.
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
• manas – mind, intellect, spirit
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Masculine nominative singular of a stem ending in -as.

वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - to Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) (Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Kṛṣṇa (son of Vasudeva)

Patronymic from Vasudeva.

Note: Object of abravīt.

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth), fire

Compound dhana (wealth) + jaya (conquering).

Compound type : upapada (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – conqueror, victor
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root ji.
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of abravīt.

पश्य (paśya) - Behold! (see, behold, look)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative, present stem paśya

Derived from root dṛś, 4th class.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Arjuna is speaking this to Kṛṣṇa.

वृष्णिप्रवीरेण (vṛṣṇipravīreṇa) - by the foremost of the Vṛṣṇis (Sātyaki) (by the foremost among the Vṛṣṇis)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vṛṣṇipravīra

vṛṣṇipravīra - foremost among the Vṛṣṇis

Compound vṛṣṇi (clan name) + pravīra (foremost hero).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛṣṇi+pravīra)

• vṛṣṇi – name of a Yadava clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• pravīra – foremost hero, excellent warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Agent of the action of 'playing/fighting'.

क्रीडन्तम् (krīḍantam) - fighting (playing, sporting, fighting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krīḍat

krīḍat - playing, sporting, fighting

Present Active Participle

From root krīḍ (1st class) with suffix śatṛ.

Root: krīḍ (class 1)

कुरुपुङ्गवम् (kurupuṅgavam) - the bull among the Kurus (Bhūriśravas) (bull among the Kurus, foremost of the Kurus)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kurupuṅgava

kurupuṅgava - bull among the Kurus, foremost of the Kurus

Compound kuru (clan name) + puṅgava (bull, excellent one).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+puṅgava)

• kuru – name of a royal dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, excellent one, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of paśya.

महाद्विपेण (mahādvipeṇa) - by a great elephant

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahādvipa

mahādvipa - great elephant

Compound mahā (great) + dvipa (elephant).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+dvipa)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• dvipa – elephant (drinker with two mouths, i.e., trunk and mouth)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in comparison.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the grove)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Root: van (class 8)

Note: Location of the simile.

मत्तेन (mattena) - by a maddened (elephant) (by a maddened one, by one in rut, by an intoxicated one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, maddened, in rut

Past Passive Participle

From root mad (to be intoxicated) with suffix kta.

Root: mad (class 4)

हरियूथपम् (hariyūthapam) - the lord of a herd of lions (lord of a herd of lions, chief of lions)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hariyūthapa

hariyūthapa - lord of a herd of lions, chief of lions

Compound hari (lion) + yūtha (herd) + pa (protector/lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+yūtha+pa)

• hari – lion, brown, tawny
  noun (masculine)
• yūtha – herd, flock, multitude
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, ruler, lord
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object in the simile, matching kurupuṅgavam.