महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-117, verse-46

रथस्थयोर्द्वयोर्युद्धे क्रुद्धयोर्योधमुख्ययोः ।
केशवार्जुनयो राजन्समरे प्रेक्षमाणयोः ॥४६॥

46. rathasthayordvayoryuddhe kruddhayoryodhamukhyayoḥ ,
keśavārjunayo rājansamare prekṣamāṇayoḥ.

46. rathasthayoḥ dvayoḥ yuddhe kruddhayoḥ yodhamukhyayoḥ
keśavārjunayoḥ rājan samare prekṣamāṇayoḥ

46. rājan,
dvayoḥ rathasthayoḥ kruddhayoḥ yodhamukhyayoḥ yuddhe,
keśavārjunayoḥ samare prekṣamāṇayoḥ.

46. O king, in the battle, while the two enraged chief warriors stood in their chariots, Keshava (Krishna) and Arjuna were observing from the engagement.

Words meanings summery:

• रथस्थयोः (rathasthayoḥ) - of the two standing in chariots, located in chariots

• द्वयोः (dvayoḥ) - of the two

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, during the fight

• क्रुद्धयोः (kruddhayoḥ) - of the two enraged, of the two angry ones

• योधमुख्ययोः (yodhamukhyayoḥ) - of Bhurishravas and Saatyaki (of the two chief warriors, foremost among warriors)

• केशवार्जुनयोः (keśavārjunayoḥ) - of Keshava (Krishna) and Arjuna

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• समरे (samare) - in the battle, in the engagement

• प्रेक्षमाणयोः (prekṣamāṇayoḥ) - of Keshava (Krishna) and Arjuna, who were watching (of the two who were watching, observing)

Words meanings and morphology

रथस्थयोः (rathasthayoḥ) - of the two standing in chariots, located in chariots

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of rathastha

rathastha - standing in a chariot, located in a chariot

Compound word, from 'ratha' (chariot) and 'stha' (standing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, located in
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/suffix
  Derived from root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bhurishravas and Saatyaki.

द्वयोः (dvayoḥ) - of the two

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with the other genitive duals.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, during the fight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, combat

From root yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Refers to the general battle context or their specific duel.

क्रुद्धयोः (kruddhayoḥ) - of the two enraged, of the two angry ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root krudh (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the two warriors (Bhurishravas and Saatyaki).

योधमुख्ययोः (yodhamukhyayoḥ) - of Bhurishravas and Saatyaki (of the two chief warriors, foremost among warriors)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of yodhamukhya

yodhamukhya - chief warrior, foremost warrior

Tatpuruṣa compound: yodha (warrior) + mukhya (chief, principal).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yodha+mukhya)

• yodha – warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

केशवार्जुनयोः (keśavārjunayoḥ) - of Keshava (Krishna) and Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of keśavārjuna

keśavārjuna - Keshava and Arjuna (dual compound)

Dvaṃdva compound of Keśava and Arjuna.

Compound type : dvaṃdva (keśava+arjuna)

• keśava – Keshava (an epithet of Krishna); having fine hair
  proper noun (masculine)
• arjuna – Arjuna (proper name); white, clear
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes the observers.

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in the battle, in the engagement

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict, engagement

Root: smṛ

Note: Indicates the place of observation.

प्रेक्षमाणयोः (prekṣamāṇayoḥ) - of Keshava (Krishna) and Arjuna, who were watching (of the two who were watching, observing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of prekṣamāṇa

prekṣamāṇa - looking on, observing, seeing, watching

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root īkṣ with prefix pra, middle participle suffix -māna.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Keshava and Arjuna.