महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-117, verse-31

संप्रैक्षन्त जनास्तत्र युध्यमानौ युधां पती ।
यूथपौ वाशिताहेतोः प्रयुद्धाविव कुञ्जरौ ॥३१॥

31. saṁpraikṣanta janāstatra yudhyamānau yudhāṁ patī ,
yūthapau vāśitāhetoḥ prayuddhāviva kuñjarau.

31. sampraikṣanta janāḥ tatra yudhyamānau yudhām patī
yūthapau vāśitā-hetoḥ prayuddhau iva kuñjarau

31. tatra janāḥ yudhām patī yudhyamānau vāśitā-hetoḥ
prayuddhau yūthapau kuñjarau iva sampraikṣanta

31. There, the people observed the two lords of battle fighting, just like two elephants, leaders of a herd, battling fiercely over a female.

Words meanings summery:

• सम्प्रैक्षन्त (sampraikṣanta) - they observed, they saw

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - two fighting, two who are fighting

• युधाम् (yudhām) - of battles, of wars

• पती (patī) - two lords, two masters, two commanders

• यूथपौ (yūthapau) - two elephant herd-leaders (two leaders of a herd, two herd-leaders)

• वाशिता-हेतोः (vāśitā-hetoḥ) - for the sake of a female elephant (for the sake of a female (animal))

• प्रयुद्धौ (prayuddhau) - two who are fighting, two who are battling

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• कुञ्जरौ (kuñjarau) - two elephants

Words meanings and morphology

सम्प्रैक्षन्त (sampraikṣanta) - they observed, they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of sampraīkṣ

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - two fighting, two who are fighting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, struggling, battling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yudh with śānac suffix (for atmanepada verbs or when used passively). Here used actively.

Root: yudh (class 4)

युधाम् (yudhām) - of battles, of wars

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of yudh

yudh - battle, war, fight

पती (patī) - two lords, two masters, two commanders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, protector

यूथपौ (yūthapau) - two elephant herd-leaders (two leaders of a herd, two herd-leaders)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a herd, chief of a company

Compound type : tatpurusha (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – herd, multitude, troop
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

वाशिता-हेतोः (vāśitā-hetoḥ) - for the sake of a female elephant (for the sake of a female (animal))

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vāśitā-hetu

vāśitā-hetu - cause of a female, on account of a female

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāśitā+hetu)

• vāśitā – a female elephant in rut, a female calling out
  noun (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle (feminine form)
  Derived from root vāś (to cry, bellow).
  Root: vāś (class 1)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive, instrument
  noun (masculine)

Note: The ablative case is often used to express 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.

प्रयुद्धौ (prayuddhau) - two who are fighting, two who are battling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prayuddha

prayuddha - fighting, engaged in battle

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yudh with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: yudh (class 4)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

कुञ्जरौ (kuñjarau) - two elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant