महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-35, verse-49

न सा सभा यत्र न सन्ति वृद्धा न ते वृद्धा ये न वदन्ति धर्मम् ।
नासौ धर्मो यत्र न सत्यमस्ति न तत्सत्यं यच्छलेनानुविद्धम् ॥४९॥

49. na sā sabhā yatra na santi vṛddhā; na te vṛddhā ye na vadanti dharmam ,
nāsau dharmo yatra na satyamasti; na tatsatyaṁ yacchalenānuviddham.

49. na sā sabhā yatra na santi vṛddhāḥ na
te vṛddhāḥ ye na vadanti dharmam |
na asau dharmaḥ yatra na satyam asti
na tat satyam yat chalena anuviddham

49. That is not a true assembly where there are no elders. Those are not true elders who do not speak about the natural law (dharma). That is not natural law (dharma) where there is no truth. And that is not truth which is tainted by deceit.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• सा (sā) - that (assembly) (she, that (feminine))

• सभा (sabhā) - assembly (assembly, council, meeting hall)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which (place or instance))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• सन्ति (santi) - there are (they are, there are)

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders, wise people (old, aged, wise, elders)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ते (te) - those (they, those (masculine))

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders (old, aged, wise, elders)

• ये (ye) - who (who, which (masculine plural))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - do not speak about (they speak, they say)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• असौ (asau) - that (dharma) (that (masculine/feminine nominative singular of adas))

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which (place or instance))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

• अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तत् (tat) - that (truth) (that (neuter))

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

• यत् (yat) - which (which, what (neuter))

• छलेन (chalena) - by deceit (by deceit, by trickery, by fraud)

• अनुविद्धम् (anuviddham) - tainted (pierced, mixed with, tainted, followed)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - that (assembly) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with sabhā.

सभा (sabhā) - assembly (assembly, council, meeting hall)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, court, meeting hall

From sa (with) + bhā (to shine, appear), or related to sabha (assembly).

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which (place or instance))

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem ya.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

सन्ति (santi) - there are (they are, there are)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense

3rd person plural present active of root as.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Null subject implied (the elders).

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders, wise people (old, aged, wise, elders)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, wise, experienced, an elder

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛdh. Used as a substantive noun.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Subject of santi.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (they, those (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with vṛddhāḥ.

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders (old, aged, wise, elders)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, wise, experienced, an elder

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛdh. Used as a substantive noun.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for te.

ये (ye) - who (who, which (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Subject of vadanti.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

वदन्ति (vadanti) - do not speak about (they speak, they say)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vad

Present Tense

3rd person plural present active of root vad.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Takes dharmam as direct object.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, support, maintain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of vadanti.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

असौ (asau) - that (dharma) (that (masculine/feminine nominative singular of adas))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (far demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with dharmaḥ.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, support, maintain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb asti.

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which (place or instance))

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem ya.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates satyam asti.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true, real, truthful

Derived from sat (being, real)

Note: Subject of asti.

अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense

3rd person singular present active of root as.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Predicate of satyam.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (truth) (that (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with satyam.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true, real, truthful

Derived from sat (being, real)

Note: Predicate nominative of tat.

यत् (yat) - which (which, what (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with tat satyam.

छलेन (chalena) - by deceit (by deceit, by trickery, by fraud)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of chala

chala - trick, fraud, deceit, pretense

Note: Denotes the means by which truth is tainted.

अनुविद्धम् (anuviddham) - tainted (pierced, mixed with, tainted, followed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuviddha

anuviddha - pierced, struck, accompanied, mixed with, tainted

Past Passive Participle

From anu + root vyadh (to pierce, strike)

Prefix: anu

Root: vyadh (class 4)