महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-35, verse-21

सुधन्वोवाच ।
उदकं मधुपर्कं च पथ एवार्पितं मम ।
प्रह्राद त्वं तु नौ प्रश्नं तथ्यं प्रब्रूहि पृच्छतोः ॥२१॥

21. sudhanvovāca ,
udakaṁ madhuparkaṁ ca patha evārpitaṁ mama ,
prahrāda tvaṁ tu nau praśnaṁ tathyaṁ prabrūhi pṛcchatoḥ.

21. sudhanvaḥ uvāca udakam madhuparkam ca pathaḥ eva arpitam
mama prahrāda tvam tu nau praśnam tathyām prabrūhi pṛcchatoḥ

21. Sudhanvan said: "Water and *madhuparka* (a respectful offering) have already been offered to me on the way. But, O Prahlāda, you must truly answer our question, as we are asking."

Words meanings summery:

• सुधन्वः (sudhanvaḥ) - Sudhanvan (the speaker) (Sudhanvan (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• उदकम् (udakam) - water

• मधुपर्कम् (madhuparkam) - madhuparka (a ritual offering) (madhuparka (an honorific offering of honey, curd, ghee, and water))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पथः (pathaḥ) - on the way (from the path, on the way)

• एव (eva) - indeed, already (indeed, just, only)

• अर्पितम् (arpitam) - offered (offered, entrusted)

• मम (mama) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• प्रह्राद (prahrāda) - O Prahlāda (addressed by Sudhanvan) (O Prahlāda (proper name))

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Prahlāda) (you)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• नौ (nau) - our (dual) (to us (dual), of us (dual))

• प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question

• तथ्याम् (tathyām) - truly, truthfully (truth, truly, factual)

• प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - declare (the truth) (declare, tell, speak)

• पृच्छतोः (pṛcchatoḥ) - to us who are asking (of those who are asking (dual))

Words meanings and morphology

सुधन्वः (sudhanvaḥ) - Sudhanvan (the speaker) (Sudhanvan (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudhanvan

sudhanvan - Sudhanvan (proper name, literally "having a good bow")

n-stem noun in nominative singular.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+dhanvan)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• dhanvan – bow, arc; desert, sandy plain
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect formation for √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

उदकम् (udakam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

Root: und

Note: Could also be nominative singular. Context indicates accusative as an object.

मधुपर्कम् (madhuparkam) - madhuparka (a ritual offering) (madhuparka (an honorific offering of honey, curd, ghee, and water))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhuparka

madhuparka - an offering consisting of honey, milk, ghee, water, and curd given to a guest or a deity

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhu+arka)

• madhu – honey; sweet; intoxicating drink
  noun (neuter)
• arka – ray; sun; praise; offering
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √arc

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पथः (pathaḥ) - on the way (from the path, on the way)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way, course

n-stem noun.

Note: Ablative singular of `pathin`.

एव (eva) - indeed, already (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

अर्पितम् (arpitam) - offered (offered, entrusted)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of arpita

arpita - offered, presented, placed, entrusted

Past Passive Participle

From causative of √ṛ (to go, obtain) or √ṛp (to move quickly).

Root: ṛ

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied 'was'.

मम (mama) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Genitive/dative singular form of the first person pronoun.

Note: Here, 'to me'.

प्रह्राद (prahrāda) - O Prahlāda (addressed by Sudhanvan) (O Prahlāda (proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prahrāda

prahrāda - Prahlāda (name of a devout Asura king, son of Hiraṇyakaśipu)

Derived from pra-√hrād, meaning 'to be glad, to roar'.

Prefix: pra

Root: hrād (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Prahlāda) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Nominative singular form of the second person pronoun.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

नौ (nau) - our (dual) (to us (dual), of us (dual))

(pronoun)

dual of asmad

asmad - I, we

Dual genitive/dative form of the first person pronoun.

Note: Often used as a genitive meaning 'our'.

प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry, riddle

From pra-√prach (to ask).

Prefix: pra

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Object of `prabrūhi`.

तथ्याम् (tathyām) - truly, truthfully (truth, truly, factual)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that).

Note: Functions adverbially, meaning "truly" or "factually". Grammatically it's an accusative neuter noun, used adverbially.

प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - declare (the truth) (declare, tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pra-√brū

Imperative, 2nd singular, active

From prefix pra- and root √brū (to speak).

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

पृच्छतोः (pṛcchatoḥ) - to us who are asking (of those who are asking (dual))

(adjective)

masculine, dual of pṛcchat

pṛcchat - asking, inquiring

Present Active Participle

From root √prach (to ask) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Dative dual is implied by 'to us'.