महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-35, verse-48

यज्ञो दानमध्ययनं तपश्च चत्वार्येतान्यन्ववेतानि सद्भिः ।
दमः सत्यमार्जवमानृशंस्यं चत्वार्येतान्यन्ववयन्ति सन्तः ॥४८॥

48. yajño dānamadhyayanaṁ tapaśca; catvāryetānyanvavetāni sadbhiḥ ,
damaḥ satyamārjavamānṛśaṁsyaṁ; catvāryetānyanvavayanti santaḥ.

48. yajñaḥ dānam adhyayanam tapaḥ ca
catvāri etāni anvavetāni sadbhiḥ
damaḥ satyam ārjavam ānṛśaṃsyam
catvāri etāni anvavayanti santaḥ

48. yajñaḥ dānam adhyayanam tapaḥ ca etāni catvāri sadbhiḥ anvavetāni.
damaḥ satyam ārjavam ānṛśaṃsyam etāni catvāri santaḥ anvavayanti

48. The Vedic ritual (yajña), charity (dāna), study, and austerity (tapas) – these four are practiced by the virtuous. Self-restraint, truthfulness, straightforwardness, and compassion – these four are cultivated by good people.

Words meanings summery:

• यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - Vedic ritual, offering

• दानम् (dānam) - charity, giving, gift

• अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study, learning

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

• च (ca) - and

• चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

• एतानि (etāni) - these

• अन्ववेतानि (anvavetāni) - endowed with, associated with, practiced

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by good people, by the virtuous

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint, control

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truthfulness

• आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness, honesty, integrity

• आनृशंस्यम् (ānṛśaṁsyam) - non-cruelty, compassion, kindness

• चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

• एतानि (etāni) - these

• अन्ववयन्ति (anvavayanti) - they follow, they resort to, they accompany

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people, virtuous ones

Words meanings and morphology

यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - Vedic ritual, offering

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, offering, worship, sacrifice

Root: yaj (class 1)

दानम् (dānam) - charity, giving, gift

(noun)

neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - charity, giving, gift

Root: dā (class 3)

अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study, learning

(noun)

neuter, singular of adhyayana

adhyayana - study, learning, reading

From adhi- + root i (to go, understand) + -ana suffix

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

(noun)

neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

(numeral)

एतानि (etāni) - these

(pronoun)

neuter, plural of etat

etat - this, these

अन्ववेतानि (anvavetāni) - endowed with, associated with, practiced

(adjective)

neuter, plural of anvaveta

anvaveta - followed, accompanied, associated with, endowed with, practiced

Past Passive Participle

From anu- + ava- + root i (to go), suffix -kta (ta)

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: i (class 2)

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by good people, by the virtuous

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, being

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint, control

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-restraint, control, self-mastery

Root: dam (class 1)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truthfulness

(noun)

neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, truthfulness, real

आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness, honesty, integrity

(noun)

neuter, singular of ārjava

ārjava - straightforwardness, honesty, integrity, rectitude

Derived from ṛju (straight) with aṇ suffix

आनृशंस्यम् (ānṛśaṁsyam) - non-cruelty, compassion, kindness

(noun)

neuter, singular of ānṛśaṃsya

ānṛśaṁsya - non-cruelty, compassion, kindness, benevolence

Derived from an-ṛśaṃsa (not cruel) with ṣyañ suffix

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (anṛśaṃsa)

• anṛśaṃsa – not cruel, not malicious
  adjective
  Prefix: a

चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

(numeral)

एतानि (etāni) - these

(pronoun)

neuter, plural of etat

etat - this, these

अन्ववयन्ति (anvavayanti) - they follow, they resort to, they accompany

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of anvavaya

From anu- + ava- + root i (to go)

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: i (class 2)

सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people, virtuous ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, being

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)